Topic 5 Genetics Of Bacteria And Their Viruses Flashcards
Why is bacterial chromosome smaller
Because it’s more dense and only holds essential genes
What is a prototroph
A bacteria capable of growing on minimal media
What is in minimal media
Water
salts
carbons source (for atp)
Agar
What is an Auxotroph
A Bactria that cannot make its own protien to survive and needs is supplemented
His autotroph needs his on the plate to live
What is a lac autotroph
Any -ose auxotroph means it can’t USE the carbon source. So it needs a carbon source supplemented.
Lac- needs to be one glucose plate to grow
What is horizontal gene transfer
Exchange of genetic info without sexual reproduction or cell division
What is conjugation
Direct contact between bacterial cells and donor dna is transferred to recipient
(Either the plasmid is transferred or part of the bacteria’s genome)
What is transformation
When dead cell dna or When donor cell has an open pilis that is shooting out dna
And that dna is taken by a recipient cell. Taking dna from environment
What is transduction
When a virus is transferring dna from donor to recipient (bacteriophage)
What is the fertility factor
Plasmid that gives the bacterial cell ability to make pili
How is the plasmid from the donor cell transferred to recipient
Rolling circle replications
Where original plasmid transfers single stranded dna and the second strand is synthesized on the other side (in the donor)
What happens in hfr F- cross
Almost none of the recipient are converted to F+ or HFR
The the F factor in the HFR drives transfer of some or all of the bacterial chromosome
The donor chromosome fragment recombined with the recipient chrmosoke
What is the exconjugant
Cell that has the fragment of donor dna that has participated in conjugation
What is the exogenote
The linear fragment of donor dna in the recipient sent by the hfr origin. After recombination it’s degraded
What is the endogenote
The original recipient cell genome before crossing over
