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Physics GCSE 2022 > topic 5 forces > Flashcards

topic 5 forces Flashcards

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1
Q

what is scalar quantity

A

a quantity that only has magnitude

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2
Q

what is a vector quantity

A

a quantity that has both a magnitude and an associated direction

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3
Q

what is force

A

a push or pull acting upon an object due to an interaction with another object

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4
Q

what are the 2 categories of forces

A

contact and non contact

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5
Q

give three examples of contact forces

A

friction, air resistant, tension

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6
Q

give three examples of non contact forces

A

gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic

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7
Q

is force a vector or scalar quantity

A

vector

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8
Q

give three examples of vector quantity

A

velocity, displacement, force

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9
Q

give three examples of scalar quantities

A

time, temperature, mass, speed, distance, energy

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10
Q

what is weight

A

the force that acts on an object due to gravity and the objects mass

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11
Q

what quantities do weight depend on

A

objects mass and the gravitational field strength at the given position in the field

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12
Q

unit for weight

A

newton (n)

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13
Q

unit for gravitational field strength

A

n/kg

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14
Q

what is it meant by an objects centre of mass

A

the single point where an objects weight can be considered to act through

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15
Q

what is the name given to the single force that is equivalent to all the other forces acting upon it

A

resultant force

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16
Q

what is displacement

A

its the measurement of distance and direction in a straight line from an objects starting point to its finishing point

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17
Q

what is speed

A

speed is how fast youre going with no regard to direction

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18
Q

what is acceleration

A

the change in velocity in a certain amount of time

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19
Q

what is friction

A

the force between 2 surfaces that are sliding

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20
Q

what is newtons first law

A

if the resultant force on a stationary object is 0 the object will remain stationary. if the resultant force on a moving object is on 0 then it will keep on moving on that constant speed

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21
Q

what is inertia

A

the tendency to continue in the same state of motion

22
Q

what is stopping distance

A

thinking distance + braking

23
Q

what affects thinking distance

A

Your speed, as the faster you’re going the further you’ll travel during the time its taking to react and reaction time as the longer the reaction time the longer the thinking distance.

24
Q

What affects braking distance?

A

Your speed, the weather or road surface, the condition of your tyres and how good your brakes are

25
Q

how to calculate momentum

A

mass X velocity

26
Q

under what circumstance is 1 joule of work done

A

when a force of 1 newton causes a displacement of 1 metre

27
Q

how many newton metres are equal to 1 joule of energy

A

1nm = 1J

28
Q

what occurs when work is done against frictional forces

A

a rise in temperature of the object occurs

ke in converted to heat

29
Q

why does air resistance slow down a object

A

the object does work against the air resistance

ke is converted into heat slowing down the object

30
Q

explain the relationship between the force applied and the extension of an elastic object

A

the extension is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded

31
Q

what is it meant by an inelastic deformation

A

a deformation which results in the object being permanently streched

the object doesnt return to its original shape when the force is removed

32
Q

what type of energy is stored when a spring is streched

A

elastic potential energy

33
Q

what is the term fluid

A

a liquid or a gas

34
Q

state the equation for pressure

A

pressure = force/area

35
Q

units of force

A

pascals

36
Q

units of force

A

newtons

37
Q

what happens to the density of the atmosphere with increasing altitude

A

the atmosphere becomes less dense as altitude increases

38
Q

explain why atmospheric pressure descreases in the increase of height

A
  • pressure is made by the collisions of air molecules

- quantity of molecules decrease as you go up

39
Q

what is the earths atmosphere

A

a thin layer of gas surrounding the earth

40
Q

why are objects in a fluid subject to an upthrust

A

there is a higher pressure below and a low pressure above

upthrust will only depend on the desnity/ weight of object

41
Q

what is upthrust always equal to

A

the weight of the fluid that the object displaces

42
Q

explain why an object with a density greater than the water can never float

A

upthrust is equal to displacement

therefore if mass or weight is much more greater then the upthrust cannot be equal as the amount of displacement is being given out from the heavy object

43
Q

is distance scalar or vector

A

scalor

44
Q

why can an object travelling at a constant speed in a circle not have a constant velocity

A

speed is a scalar quantity

velocity is a vector which means that it can only be constant is the direction is constant

in circular motion the direction is continuously changing

45
Q

how to find average acceleration

A

change in velocity/time taken

46
Q

what can be said about the resultant force acting on a an object when it is falling at terminal velocity

A

resultant force is 0

when at termianl velocity the object is moving at a constant speed and so isnt accelerating

47
Q

what is newtons second law

A

an objects acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on i and inversely proportional to its mass

48
Q

what is newtons third law

A

whenever two object interact, the forces that they exert on eachother are always equal and opposite

49
Q

units for momentum

A

kg m/s

50
Q

in a closed system what can be said about the momentum before and after a collision

A

total momentum before is the same as total momentum after

Physics GCSE 2022 (4 decks)

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