Topic 5 Evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Describes the cumulative change of heritable characteristics of a population over time, between generations.

Question 2

Fossil records

Answer 2

Provide evidence for evolution by comparing fossils from an ancestor to a living descendent. Transitional fossils show a generation which exhibits traits of both the ancestor and the descendent.

Question 3

Artificial selection

Answer 3

Selective breeding. E.g. dogs

Question 4

Homologous structures

Answer 4

Anatomical features that are similar in structure despite being used in different ways. Illustrates adaptive radiation. E.g. Pentadactyl limbs

Question 5

Speciation

Answer 5

When two populations of a species become geographically separated they will likely experience different environmental pressures causing them to adapt. When they can no longer produce viable offspring with the other population of the species, speciation has occurred.

Question 6

Example of evolution

Answer 6

Peppered moths. Pre and post Industrial Revolution.

Question 7

Natural Selection

Answer 7

Darwin’s theory of ‘survial of the fittest’. Incereases characteristics necessary for survival and decreases the frequency of other characteristics.

Question 8

Process of Natural Selection

Answer 8

I - inherited variation 
C - competition 
E - environmental pressures
A - adaptations
G - genotype frequency
E - evolution

Question 9

Three main mechanisms in which genetic variation occurs.

Answer 9

Mutations, Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction

Question 10

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 10

Rapid evolutionary diversification of a single ancestral line. Occurs when members of a single species occupy different ncihes with different environmental conditions, adapting to environmental pressures. E.g Darwin’s finches.

Question 11

Evolution of antibiotic resitance

Answer 11

Used to treat bacteral infections (not viral). When antibiotics are used some bacteria may be resitant due to a gene mutation and will survive. Through binary fission they are able to reproduce and without competition the bacteria is able to flourish and become more frequent (evolution).

Question 12

Binominal system

Answer 12

Genus species (Homo sapiens)

Question 13

Three Domains of life

Answer 13

Eukarya (animals, plants, fungi), Archaea, Eubacteria (coli)

Question 14

Heirarchy of Taxa

Answer 14

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 15

Plant Phyla

Answer 15

Coniferophyta (pine tree), Byrophyta (moss), Filicinophyta (fern), Agniosperm (flower)

Question 16

Animal Phyla

Answer 16

Porifera (sea sponge), Cnidaria (jellyfish), Platyhelimintha (tape worm), Annelida (earth worm), Mollusca (snail), Anthropoda (insects), Chordata (mammals/birds)

Question 17

The Malthusian Dilemma

Answer 17

Overproduction of offspring and not enough materials to sustain them all, therefore competition.