Topic 5 - Disorders of blood flow

Question 1

Types of lipoproteins

Answer 1

Chylomicrons - 
VLDL - Carries lots of triglycerides
IDL - 
LDL - Main carrier of cholesterol
HDL - 50% protein

Question 2

Hypercholesterolemia diagnosis

Answer 2

240+mg/dL serum cholesterol levels

Question 3

Possible causes of atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Endothelial dysfunction - chemical irritants, haemodynamic stress (High BP).

Question 4

The fate of an atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 4

Stable plaque - small lipid pool with fibrous cap
Vulnerable plaque - large lipid pool, thin fibrous cap, many inflammatory cells, can rupture -> thrombus.
Sudden vessel obstruction - Acute myocardinal infarction
Aneurysm due to weak vessel wall.

Question 5

Atherosclerosis risk factors

Answer 5

Hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, Age.
HDL less than 40mg/dL.
Family Hx - premature CHD 1st degree relative.
C-reactive protein levels, Homocycteine levels

Question 6

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 6

Formation of fibrofatty lesion in the inside lining that fills and stiffens larger and medium sized arteries.

Question 7

Atherosclerosis manifestations

Answer 7

Limb ischemia - Pain, cramping, paraesthesia, cold sensitivity, motor weakness, loss of peripheral pulses, cool skin, pallor/cyanosis distal to obstruction.
Necrosis and gangrene, angina.

Question 8

Atherosclerosis complications

Answer 8

Hypertension, dislodged thrombus, stroke, pulmonary embolism, development of aneurysm, ischemic heart disease, heart attack, peripheral vascular disease, erectile dysfunction.

Question 9

Vasculitis manifestations

Answer 9

Fever, myalgia (muscle pain), Arthralgia (joint pain), malaise.

Question 10

Acute arterial occlusion manifestations

Answer 10

Pistolshot (sound of blood in vessel)
Pallor
Polar (cold)
Pulselessness
Pain
Parasthesia
Paralysis