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Physics AS > topic 5 > Flashcards

topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a progressive wave

A

Waves have energy

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2
Q

What is Displacement

A

The position on a wave at a point in time, distance from equilibrium

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3
Q

What is amplitude

A

Magnitude of maximum displacement

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4
Q

What is frequency

A

The amount of full wavelengths that pass a point in a second

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5
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance between two of the same points on a wave

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6
Q

What is period

A

The time taken for a complete wavelength to pass a point

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7
Q

What is phase

A

A point on a compete cycle in radians

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8
Q

What is superposition

A

The resultant amplitude from two waves interfering with each other

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9
Q

What are coherent waves

A

Waves with the same f and phase relationship is constant

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10
Q

How many nodes does a fundamental wave have

A

2nodes one anti-node

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11
Q

What is diffraction

A

When a waves passes through a gap with similar wavelength it will spread out into the space behind the object

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12
Q

How to find grating space

A

1*10^-3/number per mm

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13
Q

What is refraction

A

When a wave enters a medium of different density at an angle and changes direction and velocity

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14
Q

What is polarisation

A

When waves only oscillate in one plane

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15
Q

Can mediums polarise light?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is path difference

A

The difference in wavelength between two waves

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17
Q

When is total internal reflection

A

When angle is greater than the critical angle

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18
Q

What is a real image

A

Can be projected onto a screen

On opposite side of the lens from the object

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19
Q

What is virtual image

A

Cannot be projected

Is on the same side of the lens as the object

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20
Q

What happens to the light in a convex lens

A

Light bends inwards

21
Q

What happens to the light in a diverging lens

A

Light bends outwards

22
Q

What are the properties of an electromagnetic wave

A

can travel through a vacuum
Can be reflected, refracted and defracted
Travels at a speed of light

23
Q

What is a wave front

A

An imaginary plane joining points on two or more waves in phase

24
Q

What is Huygens construction

A

each particle from a secondary wave front can be sources for secondary wavelets and form a new wave front

25
Q

What is the formula for critical angle

A

Sin(C)=1/n

26
Q

What is evidence for light as a wave

A

Diffraction grating = interference and polarisation

27
Q

What is the evidence of light as a particle

A

Photoelectric effect

28
Q

What is the photoelectric effect

A

Light exists as pockets of energy called photons

29
Q

Why is planks constant used and what is quantisation

A

The minimal possible energy required to jump an energy level called quantisation

30
Q

Evidence for electron as wave

A

diffraction and interference

31
Q

Evidence for electron as a particle

A

Ionisation

32
Q

What is wave particle duality

A

When something can act as a particle or a wave depending on the circumstances

33
Q

What is the work function

A

The minimal energy required for electrons to leave a surface oof a material

34
Q

What are photoelectrons

A

When electrons leave the surface of a metal

35
Q

Do particles have a threshold frequency

A

Yes

36
Q

What equation can be combined with Kinetic energy equation

A

1/2mv^2(max) = hf-Ф

37
Q

What is the stopping voltage, and how does this relate to kinetic energy equation

A

The voltage required to attract all the photoelectrons back into the surface of a metal.
1/2mv^2 (max)= exV(s)

38
Q

How can the work function equation be related to a graph

A

Ek=hf-Ф

y=mx+c

39
Q

What is the ground state and what n is it

A

The lowest energy level an electron can be at

n=1

40
Q

How do electrons get exited

A

If a photon with enough energy

41
Q

How do electrons get exited

A

If a photon with enough energy collides with it

42
Q

How do electrons get exited

A

If a photon with enough energy and correct frequency collides with it

43
Q

How do electrons get exited in a gas

A

In gas with enough energy some wavelengths of light will be absorbed by the electrons

44
Q

Do electrons de-excite on their own

A

Yes they will drop an energy level

45
Q

How do you know when an electron has left a atom

A

When the diagram has an energy level of 0 mening the electron has left and ionised the atom

46
Q

What is the ionisation energy

A

The amount of energy required for an electron to leave an atom

47
Q

What is a line spectra and how is it made

A

Diffraction grating is used to spread out the different wavelengths of light and displaying them on a black sheet.

48
Q

How can a gas line spectra be seen

A

Gas is heated up and looked at through a diffraction grating so the lines can be seen

Each line is shown because of electrons dropping between two energy levels

49
Q

What is intensity

A

The amount of energy needed per unit area and per unit time

Physics AS (4 decks)

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