Topic 5 Flashcards
Balance the equation.
C7 H16 -> C2 H4
C7 x2 = C14
H16 x1 = H16
C2 x7 = C14
H4 x4 = H16
2C7 H16 -> 7C2 4H4
Name 2 problems with polymers.
They’re not biodegradable.
They can’t be incinerated because they produce toxic gas.
What does crude oil consist of? Give examples for each.
Gases -> used for cooking and heating.
Petrol -> fuel for cars.
Naphtha -> used as a lighter fluid and in the chemical industry.
Kerosene -> used as an aircraft fuel.
Diesel -> used as a fuel for lorries, trains and some cars.
Fuel oil -> used as fuel for ships and in some power stations.
Bitumen -> used to surface roads and roofs.
What does fractional distillation do to crude oil?
When the crude oil is heated it splits up the crude oil into the seven different fractions.
What is cracking?
The process of making a long hydrocarbon chain much smaller so it is more usable.
What is produced during complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Explain how incomplete combustion can be harmful to humans.
When incomplete combustion occurs, carbon monoxide is released into the atmosphere as well as the carbon dioxide and water, and because carbon monoxide is colourless and odourless you can’t tell if it has been releases and its a poisonous gas so its very dangerous.
Give four things you might want to consider when choosing the best fuel to use.
The ease of ignition -> whether it burns easily. Fuels like gas burn more easily than diesel.
Energy value -> the amount of energy it releases.
Ash and smoke -> any waste left behind. Some fuels like coal, leave behind a lot of ash that needs to be disposed of.
Storage and transport -> how and where can it be kept? Gas needs to be stored in special canisters and coal needs to be kept dry. Fuels need to be transported carefully as gas leaks and oil spills can be dangerous.
What problems are associated with acid rain?
It kills and damages the plantation.
It kills the wildlife in the seas and on land.
It effects human health.
List three ways of reducing acid rain.
Use Acid Gas Scrubbers at power stations to take the harmful gasses out before they are released into the atmosphere.
Have cars fitted with Catalytic Converters to clean up the exhaust gasses.
Reduce the usage of fossil fuels.
What are greenhouse gasses?
The gasses in the atmosphere that naturally act like an insulating layer. these are often carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour.
List two ways in which humans are increasing CO2 levels.
People cutting down trees (deforestation).
Burning fossil fuels.
What are biofuels?
They are an alternative to fossil fuels. They are made up of chemicals obtained from living organisms.
What are the reactants and products in a fuel cell?
Reactants -> Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Product -> Water
List one advantage and one disadvantage of using fuel cells.
Advantages -> They are more efficient at producing electricity, rather than power stations and batteries.
They don’t produce any conventional pollutants, no greenhouse gasses, no nitrogen oxides, no sulfur dioxide, no carbon monoxide.
Disadvantages -> It takes up more space to store because it is a gas rather than a liquid.
Its explosive so its difficult to store safely.
