Topic 5 Flashcards
Which 2 sociologists observe that the most significant feature of recorded crime is gender differences?
Heidensohn and Silverstri
Give 2 evidence that official statistics show that men commit more crimes than women.
- 3 out 4 convicted offenders in England and Wales are men
- by the age of 40, 9% of females have a criminal conviction against 32%
Which gender is typically convicted for property offences except Burglary?
Women
Which gender is typically convicted for violence or sexual offences?
Men
What evidence is there to show that men are more likely to be repeat offenders, have longer criminal careers and commit more serious crimes?
Men are 15 times more likely to be committed of homicide
What are the 2 arguments as to why official statistics underestimate the amount of female crime?
- typical female crimes are less likely to be reported
- even when female crimes are reported they are less likely to be convicted
What is another name for the Chivalry thesis?
Leniency
Who argues that there is less reported female crime because men are socialised to act in a chivalrous way towards women?
Pollack
What do Graham and Bowling find using self-report studies to support the Chivalry thesis?
They found men were 2.33 times more likely to admit to a crime according to self report studies but 4 times more likely to be convicted in official statistics
Give 3 pieces of evidence that appear to give support to the chivalry thesis.
- females are more likely to be released on bail than remain in custody
- females are more likely to be fined or sentenced to community device rather than sent to prison
- 1 in 9 women are sentenced to prison for shoplifting in comparison to 5 in 9 males
Whose study of 408 offences of thefts in a magistrate’s court found that women
were not sentenced more leniently for comparable offences?
Farmington and Morris
How can self-report studies be used as evidence against the chivalry thesis?
Self report studies provide evidence that makes commit more crime
How does the underreporting of male crimes against women criticize the chivalry thesis?
Highlights the fact that many make crimes do not get reported
Why is the underlying reason why feminists believe the courts are biased against women rather than biased in favour of women?
Patriarchy
What does Heidensohn say is the reason for the harsher treatment of women by the courts?
Double standards
What did Sharpe find that supports the claim that there are double standards
regarding court punishment of boys and girls?
Girls were punished harsher by courts for the same sexually promiscuous activities
Which sociologist found that the magistrate’s persecution of the character of female offenders was based on stereotypical gender roles that are biased against women who do not accept the standards of monogamous heterosexuality and motherhood?
Stewart
What do feminists argue are the sources of these double standards?
The criminal justice system is Patrichial
What are the three explanations of gender differences in crime?
Functional sex role theory, control thesis and Liberation thesis
Which functionalist traces differences in crime and deviance to the gender roles
in the conventional nuclear family?
Parsons
According to Parsons why do boys seek to reject feminine role models and seek
compensatory compulsory masculinity which often slips into acts of delinquency?
Father’s instrumental role exist outside the socialisation of boys
Why do boys commit crimes according to New Right sociologists?
Inability of lone parent mothers to socialise boys
Why does Sandra Walklate criticise the sex role theoty for its biological
functions?
Parsons accused for biologically assume that women are best suited for socialisation because they can give birth
Who argues that women commit less crime because patriarchal society imposes greater control over them at home, in public spaces and at work?
According to Dobash and Dobashhow are women controlled in the home?
What are the two types of fear women have that allow society to control them in public spaces?
Which crime survey found that 54% of women against 14 % of men avoided
going out in the dark =for fear of being victims of crime?
According to Heidensohn why are women also controlled at work?
Which feminist speaks about class and gender deals?
What is the meaning of class deals?
What is the meaning of gender deals?
Why does working-class women’s inability to access class deals lead to them committing crimes?
Why does working-class women’s inability to access gender deals lead to them committing crimes?
Why are Carlen and Heidensohn approaches useful?
In what two ways can Carlen‘s study and Heidensohn’s study be criticised?
Which sociologists put forward the liberation thesis?
What explanation does Adler give to show that lessening the power of patriarchal control over society is what increases female crime?
Give two pieces of evidence that support Adler’s liberation thesis.
Give three criticisms of Adler’s liberation thesis.
Why is Adler’s liberation thesis in contribution a useful explanation of gendered crime?
Give 3 pieces of evidence that show gender differences in victimisation.
Why did feminists see non-feminist theories of crime as male-stream?
Who argues that different social groups of mean use crime and deviance differently to accomplish masculinity?
In what 2 ways can Messershimidt’s study be criticised
Which sociologist argues that in postmodern society men use violence as a way of displaying violence masculinity as well as using it as a commodity to earn a living from?
Why is Winslow’s study of bouncers in Sunderland in the northeast of England
important in explanations of male crime?
