TOPIC 5 Flashcards by Maria Pason

IS A PROCESS WHEREBY ALL FORMS OF MICROBIAL LIFE, INCLUDING BACTERIAL SPORES, ARE KILLED.

STERILIZATION

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MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED BY PHYSICAL, OR
CHEMICAL MEANS

STERILIZATION

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A PROCESS WHEREBY PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS, BUT NOT
NECESSARILY ALL MICROORGANISMS OR SPORES, ARE DESTROYED.

DISINFECTION

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ACCOMPLISHED BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL METHODS.

DISINFECTION

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4 METHODS OF STERILIZATION

1.) HEAT
2.) FILTRATION
3.) IONIZATION RADIATION
4.) PARACETIC ACID

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Coagulate Proteins

Moist Heat

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Most effective method of sterilization

121 C at 15 PSI for
15 minutes - AUTOCLAVE

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Infectious medical waste is often sterilized

132 C for 30-
60 minutes (Autoclave)

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Quality Control for AUTOCLAVE

Bacillus stearothermophilius

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Alternative heating (Kills vegetative cells), incubation
(Spores germinate), heating kills remaining vegetative cells

Fractional

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flowing steam 100 C for 30 minutes for
3 successive days.

Tyndallization

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75 – 80 C for 2 hours for 3 successive
days.

Inspissation

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kills by oxidation

Dry Heat

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To sterilizeinoculating loops and needles

Flame

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160-180 C for1 1⁄21/2 to 2 hours

Oven

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Quality Control of Dry heat

Bacillus subtilis var. niger

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Most common method of treating
infectious waste.
Burned to ashes at 870-980 C.

Incineration

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is accomplished using HEPA (High Efficiency
Particulate Air) filters
designed to remove organisms larger than 0-3 um from
isolation rooms,
operating rooms, and biologic safety cabinets (BSCs).

Filtration

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*Asbestos Filter
*Membrane Filter
*Method of Choice for antibiotics solutions, toxic chemicals,
radioisotopes,
vaccines and carbs which are all heat sensitive.

FILTRATION

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*Used in plastic syringe, catheter or gloves
*Short wavelength, high energy gamma rays,ionizing
gamma radiation
*Used for evacuated tubes

IONIZATION RADIATION

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–Most common sterilant
-Quality Control: Bacillus subtilis

Ethylene Oxide (ETO)

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-sterilize HEPA filters in BSCs

Formaldehyde vapor and vapor phase hydrogen peroxide

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-Sporocidal in 3-10 hours, is used in medical equipment
-Cold sterilization

Glutaraldehyde

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-used in surgical equipment
-Cold Sterilization

PARACETIC ACID

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100C for 15 minutes, which kills vegetative bacteria

Boiling

Kills milk borne pathogens

Pasteurization

- Long wavelength and low energy - do not penetrate well,direct surface exposure such as working surface of BSC (Biological Safety Cabinet)

Non Ionizing Radiation

=Destroys vegetative forms of on inanimate objects =Phenol, QUATS, Chlorine, 2% glutaraldehyde

Disinfectant

=Microbiostatic agents on living tissues

Antiseptic

=alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, heavy metals, quarternary ammonium compounds

Disinfectant

=Alcohol, Iodine tincture (alcohol), Iodophor (Iodine +detergent)

Antiseptic

Autoclave ( Biological indicators)

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Ionizing Radiation (Biological indicators)

Bacillus pumilus

Dry Heat Oven (Biological indicators)

Bacillus subtilis variation niger

Ethylene Oxide (Biological indicators)

Bacillus subtilis variation globijii

excluded urine and body fluids not visibly contaminated by blood from U

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

guidelines are not limited to blood-borne pathogens; they consider all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious.

Body substance Isolation (BSI)

According to _________ guidelines, personnel should wear gloves at all times when encountering moist body substances

BSI guideline

Includes both hand washing and the use of alcohol-based antiseptic cleaners.

Hand Hygine

clean, nonsterile gloves are adequate when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, and contaminated items

Gloves

wear a mask and eye protection or face shield to protect mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth during procedures and patient care activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions

MOUTH,NOSEANDEYE PROTECTION

an ____ mask must be used during patient care activities related to suspected mycobacterium exposure

N95

wear a clean, nonsterile ________ to protect skin and to prevent soiling of clothing during procedures and activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions.

gown

handle used patient care equipment soiled with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions in a manner that prevents skin and mucous membranes exposure, clothing contamination, and transfer of microorganisms to other patients or environments

Patient care equipment

ensure that the hospital has adequate procedures for the routine care, cleaning, and disinfection of environmental surfaces, beds, bedrails, bedside equipment, and other frequently touched surfaces

Enviromental Control

HANDLE, TRANSPORT, AND PROCESS LINEN SOILED WITH BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS, AND EXCRETIONS IN A MANNER THAT PREVENTS SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES EXPOSURES AND CLOTHING CONTAMINATION AND THAT AVOIDS THE TRANSFER OF MICROORGANISMS TO OTHER PATIENTS AND HANDLE, TRANSPORT, AND PROCESS LINEN SOILED WITH BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS, AND EXCRETIONS IN A MANNER THAT PREVENTS SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES EXPOSURES AND CLOTHING CONTAMINATION AND THAT AVOIDS THE TRANSFER OF MICROORGANISMS TO OTHER PATIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT

Linen

never recap needles or otherwise manipulate them using both hands or use any other equipment directing the point of a needle toward any part of the body;rather, use self-sheathing needles or a mechanical device to conceal the needle

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS

place patient in a private room who contaminates the environment or who does not (or cannot be expected to) assist in maintaining appropriate hygiene or environment control

Patient placement

educate health-care personnel, patients, and visitors to contain respiratory secretions to prevent droplet and fomite transmission of respiratory pathogens

Respirator Hygine or cough etiquette

In _______ the CDC and HIPAC (Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee) combined the major features of UP and BSI guidelines

1966

Who published guidelines known as UP developed in response to the HIV epidemic

CDC,1987

Healthcare facilities provide employees with all PPE necessary to protect themselves from hazards encountered during the course of work

OSHA regulation

used in the laboratory includes gloves, fluid-resistant gowns, eye and face shield, and plexiglas countertop shield.

PPE

is the primary method of infection transmission

Hand contact

Hand Hygiene includes both

hand washing and using alcohol-based antiseptic cleaners

Alcohol-based cleaners can be used when

hands are not visibly soiled

hand washing can be used when

hands are visibly soiled.

best way to break the chain of infection.

Hand washing

The author of the law

Edward Murphy

an engineer in the US air force

Edward Murphy

Edward Murphy was involved in a project called

Gee whiz

they would assess on what will happen to a person when decelerated rapidly in a certain g-force.

Project Gee Whiz

The project Gee Whiz used a ________ as a tribute for better results after multiples trials with a humanoid

Chipmanzee

Nothing is easy

1st law

Everything takes longer than you think

2nd law

If there is a possibility of several things going wrong that one that will cause the most damage will be the one to g wrong

4th law

If anything just cannot go wrong it will anyway

5th law

if you perceive that there are four possible ways in which a procedure can go wrong and circumvent these ,then a fifth way, unprepared for, will promptly developed

6th law