TOPIC 5 Flashcards
IS A PROCESS WHEREBY ALL FORMS OF MICROBIAL LIFE, INCLUDING BACTERIAL SPORES, ARE KILLED.
STERILIZATION
MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED BY PHYSICAL, OR
CHEMICAL MEANS
STERILIZATION
A PROCESS WHEREBY PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS, BUT NOT
NECESSARILY ALL MICROORGANISMS OR SPORES, ARE DESTROYED.
DISINFECTION
ACCOMPLISHED BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL METHODS.
DISINFECTION
4 METHODS OF STERILIZATION
1.) HEAT
2.) FILTRATION
3.) IONIZATION RADIATION
4.) PARACETIC ACID
Coagulate Proteins
Moist Heat
Most effective method of sterilization
121 C at 15 PSI for
15 minutes - AUTOCLAVE
Infectious medical waste is often sterilized
132 C for 30-
60 minutes (Autoclave)
Quality Control for AUTOCLAVE
Bacillus stearothermophilius
Alternative heating (Kills vegetative cells), incubation
(Spores germinate), heating kills remaining vegetative cells
Fractional
flowing steam 100 C for 30 minutes for
3 successive days.
Tyndallization
75 – 80 C for 2 hours for 3 successive
days.
Inspissation
kills by oxidation
Dry Heat
To sterilizeinoculating loops and needles
Flame
160-180 C for1 1⁄21/2 to 2 hours
Oven
Quality Control of Dry heat
Bacillus subtilis var. niger
- Most common method of treating
infectious waste. - Burned to ashes at 870-980 C.
Incineration
is accomplished using HEPA (High Efficiency
Particulate Air) filters
designed to remove organisms larger than 0-3 um from
isolation rooms,
operating rooms, and biologic safety cabinets (BSCs).
Filtration
*Asbestos Filter
*Membrane Filter
*Method of Choice for antibiotics solutions, toxic chemicals,
radioisotopes,
vaccines and carbs which are all heat sensitive.
FILTRATION
*Used in plastic syringe, catheter or gloves
*Short wavelength, high energy gamma rays,ionizing
gamma radiation
*Used for evacuated tubes
IONIZATION RADIATION
–Most common sterilant
-Quality Control: Bacillus subtilis
Ethylene Oxide (ETO)
-sterilize HEPA filters in BSCs
Formaldehyde vapor and vapor phase hydrogen peroxide
-Sporocidal in 3-10 hours, is used in medical equipment
-Cold sterilization
Glutaraldehyde
-used in surgical equipment
-Cold Sterilization
PARACETIC ACID
100C for 15 minutes, which kills vegetative bacteria
Boiling
Kills milk borne pathogens
Pasteurization
- Long wavelength and low energy
- do not penetrate well,direct surface exposure such as
working surface of BSC (Biological Safety Cabinet)
Non Ionizing Radiation
=Destroys vegetative forms of on inanimate objects
=Phenol, QUATS, Chlorine, 2% glutaraldehyde
Disinfectant
=Microbiostatic agents on living tissues
Antiseptic
=alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, heavy metals, quarternary
ammonium compounds
Disinfectant
=Alcohol, Iodine tincture (alcohol), Iodophor
(Iodine +detergent)
Antiseptic
Autoclave ( Biological indicators)
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Ionizing Radiation (Biological indicators)
Bacillus pumilus
Dry Heat Oven (Biological indicators)
Bacillus subtilis variation
niger
Ethylene Oxide (Biological indicators)
Bacillus subtilis variation
globijii
excluded urine and body fluids
not visibly contaminated by blood from U
Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)
guidelines are not limited to blood-borne pathogens;
they consider all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious.
Body substance Isolation (BSI)
According to _________ guidelines, personnel should wear gloves at all times when
encountering moist body substances
BSI guideline
Includes both hand washing and the use of alcohol-based
antiseptic cleaners.
Hand Hygine
clean, nonsterile gloves are adequate when
touching blood, body fluids, secretions, and contaminated
items
Gloves
wear a mask and eye protection or face shield to protect
mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth during
procedures and patient care activities that are likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or
excretions
MOUTH,NOSEANDEYE PROTECTION
an ____ mask must be used during patient care activities related
to suspected mycobacterium exposure
N95
wear a clean, nonsterile ________ to protect skin and to
prevent soiling of clothing during procedures and activities
that are likely to generate splashes or
sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions.
gown
handle used patient care equipment soiled with blood, body
fluids, secretions, and excretions in a manner that prevents skin
and mucous membranes exposure, clothing contamination, and
transfer of microorganisms to other patients or environments
Patient care equipment
ensure that the hospital has adequate procedures for the
routine care, cleaning, and disinfection of environmental
surfaces, beds, bedrails, bedside equipment, and other
frequently touched surfaces
Enviromental Control
HANDLE, TRANSPORT, AND PROCESS LINEN SOILED WITH
BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS, AND EXCRETIONS
IN A MANNER THAT PREVENTS SKIN AND MUCOUS
MEMBRANES EXPOSURES AND CLOTHING CONTAMINATION
AND THAT AVOIDS THE TRANSFER OF
MICROORGANISMS TO OTHER PATIENTS AND
HANDLE, TRANSPORT, AND PROCESS LINEN SOILED WITH
BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS, AND EXCRETIONS
IN A MANNER THAT PREVENTS SKIN AND MUCOUS
MEMBRANES EXPOSURES AND CLOTHING CONTAMINATION
AND THAT AVOIDS THE TRANSFER OF
MICROORGANISMS TO OTHER PATIENTS AND
ENVIRONMENT
Linen
never recap needles or otherwise manipulate them using both
hands or use any other equipment directing the point of a
needle toward any part of the body;rather, use self-sheathing
needles or a mechanical device to conceal the needle
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
place patient in a private room who contaminates the
environment or who does not (or cannot be expected to) assist
in maintaining appropriate hygiene or environment control
Patient placement
educate health-care personnel, patients, and
visitors to
contain respiratory secretions to prevent droplet
and fomite transmission of respiratory pathogens
Respirator Hygine or cough etiquette
In _______ the CDC and HIPAC
(Healthcare Infection
Control Practices Advisory
Committee) combined the
major features of UP and BSI
guidelines
1966
Who published guidelines known as UP developed in response to the HIV epidemic
CDC,1987
Healthcare facilities provide employees
with all PPE necessary to protect
themselves from hazards encountered
during the course of work
OSHA regulation
used in the laboratory includes gloves, fluid-resistant gowns, eye and face shield, and plexiglas
countertop shield.
PPE
is the primary method of
infection transmission
Hand contact
Hand Hygiene includes both
hand washing
and using alcohol-based antiseptic cleaners
Alcohol-based cleaners can be used when
hands are not visibly soiled
hand washing can be used when
hands are visibly soiled.
best way to break the
chain of infection.
Hand washing
The author of the law
Edward Murphy
an engineer in the US air force
Edward Murphy
Edward Murphy was involved in a project called
Gee whiz
they would
assess on what will happen to a person when decelerated rapidly in
a certain g-force.
Project Gee Whiz
The project Gee Whiz used a ________ as a tribute for better results after
multiples trials with a humanoid
Chipmanzee
Nothing is easy
1st law
Everything takes longer than you think
2nd law
If there is a possibility of several things going wrong that one that will cause the most damage will be the one to g wrong
4th law
If anything just cannot go wrong it will anyway
5th law
if you perceive that there are four possible ways in which a procedure can go wrong and circumvent these ,then a fifth way, unprepared for, will promptly developed
6th law
