TOPIC 4.1 - Wellness And Illness Flashcards
This is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO. 1947)
Health
This is an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. (Hilbert Dunn).
Wellness
This is a state in which someone’s needs are not sufficiently met to allow the individual to have a sense of physical and psychosocial well-being.
Illness
Dimensions of Health
- Physical Dimensions
- Environmental Dimensions
- Emotional Dimensions
- Socio-cultural Dimensions
- Intellectual Dimensions
- Spiritual Dimensions
The state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease.
Health
Medical Model
M.B Belloc and Breslow-1972
The presence of signs and symptoms of disease.
Illness
A constantly changing state with high level of wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum.
Health
If an individual copes and functions effectively in daily living, he is said to be within the health ______.
Spectrum
Failure to cope or poor reintegration means a presence of _______ and if the body fails completely, irreversible damage results leading to death.
Illness
Health-Illness Continuum
McCann/Flynn and Heffron - 1984
The ability to perform all those roles from which one has socialized.
Health
Role Performance Model
(Parsons 1958)
Refers to functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment.
High-level wellness
He describe his concept of High Level Wellness as functioning to the maximal possible level of one’s ability within one’s environment.
Halbert Dynn
High-level wellness
Dunn 1961
Concepts in Dunn’s High Level Wellness
- Totalitarity
- Uniqueness
- Energy
- Inner and Outer World
- Self-Integration
Involves the biopsychosocial components in humans.
Totalitarity
Required by every living thing which include physical energy such as food, water and air and psychosocial energy which is obtained from contacts and interactions with other environmental elements.
Energy
Refers to reflection of human’s experiences with his past and present inner self and with the outer world. These reflections become the basis for behavior.
Inner and Outer world
Uses reflection of the past and present as a basis for behavior.
Self-integration
The state of complete physical, mental, social being and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity.
Health - by WHO 1947
A wellness-oriented physician who focused his approach on a concept of wellness education.
John Travis
Wellness education Model
John Travis
The concept this is based on the idea that it is more fruitful to study the human being as a whole than to study its separate parts.
Holism
The state in which needs are being sufficiently met to allow an individual to function successfully in life with the ability to achieve the highest possible potential.
This model is reflected on Abraham Maslow’s Model of Basic Human Needs.
A knowledge of this model will help us understand health and illness through man’s need.
Health
Stages of Illness Behaviors
- Experience Symptoms
- Assumption of the Sick Role
- Medical Care Contact
- Dependent Client Role
- Recovery and Rehabilitation
• The person is aware that “something is wrong”.
• A person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific diagnosis.
• The person’s perception of a symptom includes awareness of a physical change such as pain, a rush or a lump: evaluation of this change and a decision that it is a symptom of an illness; and an emotional response.
Stage 1 : Experience Symptoms
• If symptoms persist and become severe, clients assume the sick role.
• At this point the illness becomes a social phenomenon, and sick people seek confirmation from their families and social groups that they are indeed ill and that they be excused from normal duties and role expectations.
Stage 2 : Assumption of the Sick Role
• If symptoms persist despite the home remedies, become severe or require emergency care, the person is motivated to seek professional health services.
• In this stage the client seeks expert acknowledgement of the illness as well as the treatment.
Stage 3 : Medical Care Contact
• The client depends on health care professionals for the relief of symptoms.
• The client accepts care, sympathy and protection from the demands and stresses of life.
• A client can adopt the dependent role in a health care institution, at home or in a community setting.
• The client must also adjust to the disruption of a daily schedule.
Stage 4 : Dependent Client Role
• The stage can arrive suddenly such as when the symptoms first appeared.
• In the case of chronic illness, the final stage may involve an adjustment to prolonged reduction in health and functioning.
• This stage describes two conditions, namely convalescence and rehabilitation.
Stage 5 : Recovery and Rehabilitation
Two conditions in Stage 5: Recovery and Rehabilitation
Convalescence and Rehabilitation
The period of recovery following illness.
Convalescence
The restoration of the functioning to maximal self sufficiency.
Rehabilitation
