topic 4: study guide Flashcards
WW1 and the 1920s
What were the economic causes of U.S. entry into WWI?
Post-war demobilization, economic recession, and labor strikes
These factors created instability and contributed to the desire for U.S. involvement in the war.
What concept refers to the belief in the efficiency of government to improve society, particularly during the Progressive Era?
Efficiency Progressivism
This movement emphasized the use of scientific management and expert knowledge to solve social problems.
What was the motto of the Republican presidential administrations regarding business?
The Business of America
This phrase highlights the belief that government should support business interests.
What economic development allowed for increased consumer spending in the U.S.?
Expansion of a credit economy
This shift enabled more Americans to purchase goods on credit, fueling consumerism.
What societal changes were influenced by technological innovation and consumerism?
Early suburbanization
The growth of suburbs was linked to the rise of consumer culture and technological advancements.
What term describes a system that seeks to provide workers with certain benefits to prevent unrest?
Welfare capitalism
This system was aimed at improving worker conditions and loyalty to companies.
What economic issue affected farmers in the U.S. before WWI?
Agricultural depression
This economic downturn significantly impacted farmers’ livelihoods.
What diplomatic approach did Wilson advocate, particularly regarding U.S. intervention in the Caribbean and Mexico?
Wilsonian moral diplomacy
This policy aimed to support countries with democratic governments and promote moral principles.
What term describes the psychological effects and changes in warfare during WWI?
Modernization of warfare
This included new technologies and tactics that changed the nature of combat.
Who led the Committee on Public Information during WWI?
George Creel
This committee was responsible for promoting the war effort and shaping public opinion.
What were the key components of Wilsonian liberalism?
The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations
Wilson’s vision included international cooperation and peacekeeping.
What was the purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Interwar neutrality
This agreement aimed to prevent war through diplomatic means.
What legislation restricted free speech during WWI?
Sedition Act
This act criminalized disloyal or abusive language about the U.S. government.
What case involved the limits of free speech in the context of wartime?
Schenck v. U.S.
This Supreme Court case upheld restrictions on speech that posed a clear and present danger.
What act targeted espionage during WWI?
Espionage Act
This act made it a crime to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies.
Who was Eugene Debs?
A socialist leader and anti-war activist
Debs was imprisoned for speaking against the war and advocating for workers’ rights.
What term describes the period of anti-communist sentiment in the U.S. after WWI?
Red Scare
This period was marked by fear of communism and radical leftist ideologies.
What was Herbert Hoover’s vision of government called?
Technocratic vision (associational state)
This vision emphasized cooperation between government and business for economic efficiency.
What significant migration occurred during WWI involving African Americans?
Great Migration
This movement saw many African Americans relocate from the rural South to urban areas in the North.
What military divisions were notable for African-American service in WWI?
92nd and 93rd divisions
These divisions included African-American soldiers who fought in the war.
What violent event occurred in 1921 targeting Tulsa’s Greenwood district?
The attack on Tulsa’s Greenwood district
This event was a racially motivated massacre that destroyed a prosperous African-American community.
What cultural movement celebrated African-American culture in the 1920s?
The Harlem Renaissance
This movement emphasized artistic expression and cultural pride among African Americans.
What term refers to the idea of complete loyalty to American values and culture?
100% Americanism
This ideology promoted national identity and often excluded immigrant influences.
What legislation restricted immigration based on national origins in 1924?
National Origins Act of 1924
This act established quotas that limited immigration from certain countries.
What organization rose to prominence in the 1920s, promoting nativism and white supremacy?
Second KKK
This organization expanded its influence and included a women’s auxiliary.
What group was formed to promote peace among women during WWI?
Women’s Peace Party
This organization advocated for peace and opposed U.S. involvement in the war.
What role did women play during WWI?
Women’s mobilization
Women took on various roles, including in the workforce and military support.
Who was a notable figure in black women’s interwar activism?
Katherine Magnolia Johnson
Johnson was influential in advocating for civil rights and women’s issues.
What movement did Alice Paul advocate for?
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Paul fought for constitutional equality for women.
What trend increased women’s participation in the workforce during the early 20th century?
Expansion of women’s professional and clerical employment
This trend allowed more women to enter the workforce in various roles.
What movement focused on the management of household economics?
Home economics movement
This movement aimed to educate women in efficient household management.
What cultural shift represented the modernization of femininity in the 1920s?
Fashion and Fun
This shift included new styles and attitudes towards women’s roles in society.
What controversial topics were influenced by eugenics during this period?
Birth control and Buck v. Bell
These issues involved debates over reproductive rights and state control.
What cultural stereotype characterized white masculinity in the 1920s?
From Babbitt to Babe Ruth
This transition highlighted the changing ideals of masculinity in American culture.
What literary group was known for its disillusionment after WWI?
Lost Generation
This group of writers expressed skepticism about traditional values and norms.
What term describes the return to traditional values and culture after WWI?
Return to normalcy
This concept suggested a desire to revert to pre-war societal norms.
What cultural trend emerged as a result of increased consumerism in the 1920s?
Advertising
The rise of consumer culture led to innovative advertising techniques.
What technological advancements became popular in the 1920s?
Automobiles and radios
These inventions revolutionized transportation and communication.
What entertainment medium gained prominence in the 1920s?
Motion pictures
Hollywood became a significant cultural influence during this era.
What cultural movement was characterized by youth engagement and new music styles?
Jazz
Jazz music became a defining feature of the 1920s cultural scene.
What was the legal status of alcohol during the 1920s?
Prohibition
This era saw the banning of alcohol production and sale in the U.S.
What movement emerged in response to modernism and scientific theories during the 1920s?
Protestant fundamentalism
This movement sought to uphold traditional religious beliefs against modern challenges.
What landmark legal case challenged the teaching of evolution in schools?
Scopes Trial
This trial highlighted the conflict between science and religion in education.
