Topic 4 - Rural Settlement And Urban Settlement Flashcards
Define settlement
A place where a group of people live
Define a rural settlement
A small settlement with a small population involved in primary activities; the settlement is unifunctional
Define an urban settlement
A large settlement with a large population involved in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities; the settlement is multifunctional
Define nucleated pattern
Settlement dwellings form a dense grouping of buildings
Define dispersed pattern
Settlement dwellings are isolated and spaced far apart from each other
Define wet-point sites
When the location of a settlement site is determined entirely by the presence of a water source. Especially in dry areas.
Define dry-point sites
A settlement site that is chosen in an attempt to avoid water, because of the danger of flooding. This is relevant in many wet areas.
Define settlement shape
The shape formed by the buildings in a settlement
Define subsistence farming
Farming to produce food for the family
Define commercial farming
Farming for a profit
Define rural–urban migration
The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
Define rural depopulation
The decline in the population of a rural area
Define urbanization
The increase in the proportion or percentage of people living in towns and cities
Define selective outward migration
Migration of an age group
Define aging population
Only the older members of a population remain in an area
Define service center
Small rural towns that provide services to the surrounding rural community
Define rural decay
The effect of rural depopulation
Define communal tenure system
Land that is owned by the community, and the people who live on it have a right to farm on the land
Define sustainable rural development strategies
A plan of action that can be maintained and continued into the future
Define rural development
The growth and expansion of rural areas
Define land reform
Changing the existing structure of land tenure; breaking up large estates and redistributing the land
Define social justice
The idea that all individuals are entitled to satisfy basic human needs
Define rural land reform
People are given security of land tenure, including communal land ownership and informal ownership of land by farm workers and labor tenants
Define land tenure
The legal right to use land
Define rural land distribution
Land that is allocated to disadvantaged and poor people for settlement and farming
Define labor tenants
People who exchange their labor for use of the land on a farm
Define rural land restitution
Land that was forcibly removed from people under apartheid law is given back to those people. Claims are lodged with the Land Claims Court where outcome is decided
Define urban growth
An increase in the number of people living in urban areas
Define level of urbanization
The number of people who live in urban settlements expressed as a percentage of the total population
Define rate of urbanization
The pace at which urbanization takes place
List tertiary activities
(Services)
Retail, banking, education, transport, medical
List quaternary activities
(Intellectual) media, research, IT
List secondary activities
Manufacturing and industry
List primary activities
Farming, mining, fishing, forestry
Define aerotropolis
Settlement close to a major airport with infrastructure and economic activities linked to the airport
Define conurbation
A continuous urban area formed by the merging together of several large adjoining cities and towns
Define megalopolis
A very large, highly urbanized area made up of several urban places that have merged together to form one continuous built up area
Define urban sprawl
The expansion of urban areas into surrounding areas
Define low-order centers
Smaller settlements, for example a town
Define lower-order functions and services
Things and services that are required everyday and used by people on a regular basis
Define high-order centers
Large settlements, for example a city
Higher-order functions and services
Things and services that are specialized and required by fewer people
Define central place
An urban settlement that provides goods and services to the surrounding rural population
Define threshold population
The minimum number of people required to support a business
Define sphere of influence
The area from which a business draws its customers (also known as a market area)
Define range of goods
The maximum distance a customer is willing to travel to purchase something at a central place
Define suburbs
Part of a town or city, away from the CBD, where people live
Define decentralization
The movement of people and activities out of the city center towards the outer suburbs and rural-urban fringe
Define informal trading
Business conducted outside of the formal sector of the economy
Define globalization
The tendency for countries across the world to become better connected and more similar to one another
Define migrant workers
People who migrate from rural areas and neighboring countries to seek work in the urban areas
