Topic 4 - Rural Settlement And Urban Settlement

Question 1

Define settlement

Answer 1

A place where a group of people live

Question 2

Define a rural settlement

Answer 2

A small settlement with a small population involved in primary activities; the settlement is unifunctional

Question 3

Define an urban settlement

Answer 3

A large settlement with a large population involved in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities; the settlement is multifunctional

Question 4

Define nucleated pattern

Answer 4

Settlement dwellings form a dense grouping of buildings

Question 5

Define dispersed pattern

Answer 5

Settlement dwellings are isolated and spaced far apart from each other

Question 6

Define wet-point sites

Answer 6

When the location of a settlement site is determined entirely by the presence of a water source. Especially in dry areas.

Question 7

Define dry-point sites

Answer 7

A settlement site that is chosen in an attempt to avoid water, because of the danger of flooding. This is relevant in many wet areas.

Question 8

Define settlement shape

Answer 8

The shape formed by the buildings in a settlement

Question 9

Define subsistence farming

Answer 9

Farming to produce food for the family

Question 10

Define commercial farming

Answer 10

Farming for a profit

Question 11

Define rural–urban migration

Answer 11

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

Question 12

Define rural depopulation

Answer 12

The decline in the population of a rural area

Question 13

Define urbanization

Answer 13

The increase in the proportion or percentage of people living in towns and cities

Question 14

Define selective outward migration

Answer 14

Migration of an age group

Question 15

Define aging population

Answer 15

Only the older members of a population remain in an area

Question 16

Define service center

Answer 16

Small rural towns that provide services to the surrounding rural community

Question 17

Define rural decay

Answer 17

The effect of rural depopulation

Question 18

Define communal tenure system

Answer 18

Land that is owned by the community, and the people who live on it have a right to farm on the land

Question 19

Define sustainable rural development strategies

Answer 19

A plan of action that can be maintained and continued into the future

Question 20

Define rural development

Answer 20

The growth and expansion of rural areas

Question 21

Define land reform

Answer 21

Changing the existing structure of land tenure; breaking up large estates and redistributing the land

Question 22

Define social justice

Answer 22

The idea that all individuals are entitled to satisfy basic human needs

Question 23

Define rural land reform

Answer 23

People are given security of land tenure, including communal land ownership and informal ownership of land by farm workers and labor tenants

Question 24

Define land tenure

Answer 24

The legal right to use land

Question 25

Define rural land distribution

Answer 25

Land that is allocated to disadvantaged and poor people for settlement and farming

Question 26

Define labor tenants

Answer 26

People who exchange their labor for use of the land on a farm

Question 27

Define rural land restitution

Answer 27

Land that was forcibly removed from people under apartheid law is given back to those people. Claims are lodged with the Land Claims Court where outcome is decided

Question 28

Define urban growth

Answer 28

An increase in the number of people living in urban areas

Question 29

Define level of urbanization

Answer 29

The number of people who live in urban settlements expressed as a percentage of the total population

Question 30

Define rate of urbanization

Answer 30

The pace at which urbanization takes place

Question 31

List tertiary activities

Answer 31

(Services)

Retail, banking, education, transport, medical

Question 32

List quaternary activities

Answer 32

(Intellectual) media, research, IT

Question 33

List secondary activities

Answer 33

Manufacturing and industry

Question 34

List primary activities

Answer 34

Farming, mining, fishing, forestry

Question 35

Define aerotropolis

Answer 35

Settlement close to a major airport with infrastructure and economic activities linked to the airport

Question 36

Define conurbation

Answer 36

A continuous urban area formed by the merging together of several large adjoining cities and towns

Question 37

Define megalopolis

Answer 37

A very large, highly urbanized area made up of several urban places that have merged together to form one continuous built up area

Question 38

Define urban sprawl

Answer 38

The expansion of urban areas into surrounding areas

Question 39

Define low-order centers

Answer 39

Smaller settlements, for example a town

Question 40

Define lower-order functions and services

Answer 40

Things and services that are required everyday and used by people on a regular basis

Question 41

Define high-order centers

Answer 41

Large settlements, for example a city

Question 42

Higher-order functions and services

Answer 42

Things and services that are specialized and required by fewer people

Question 43

Define central place

Answer 43

An urban settlement that provides goods and services to the surrounding rural population

Question 44

Define threshold population

Answer 44

The minimum number of people required to support a business

Question 45

Define sphere of influence

Answer 45

The area from which a business draws its customers (also known as a market area)

Question 46

Define range of goods

Answer 46

The maximum distance a customer is willing to travel to purchase something at a central place

Question 47

Define suburbs

Answer 47

Part of a town or city, away from the CBD, where people live

Question 48

Define decentralization

Answer 48

The movement of people and activities out of the city center towards the outer suburbs and rural-urban fringe

Question 49

Define informal trading

Answer 49

Business conducted outside of the formal sector of the economy

Question 50

Define globalization

Answer 50

The tendency for countries across the world to become better connected and more similar to one another

Question 51

Define migrant workers

Answer 51

People who migrate from rural areas and neighboring countries to seek work in the urban areas