Topic 4- respiration Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration
an exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells
What are the equations for aerobic respiration (word and symbol)
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
where does aerobic respiration take place?
in the mitochondria
why do organisms require the energy released by respiration
-synthesis of larger molecules
-muscle contraction
-maintenance of body temperature
-active transport
What is anaerobic respiration?
an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose = lactic acid (+energy)
What is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration
glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred
Why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue
lactic acid builds up in muscles, preventing efficient contraction
What is an oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration
what is fermentation
a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
what is the equation for fermentation?
glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
why is fermentation reaction important?
it is used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic doesn’t
aerobic produces CO2 and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO2
Aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy
How do muscles store glucose
As glycogen
What changes take place when muscular activity increase in the body?
-heart rate increases and arteries dilate- increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles
-breathing rate increases and breathing is deeper- increases the rate of gaseous exchange
-stored glycogen is converted back into glucose
