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Neurology > Topic 4: PNS "Road Maps" > Flashcards

Topic 4: PNS "Road Maps" Flashcards

1
Q

The SC is the nervous tissue link between the ________

A

The brain and the rest of the body

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2
Q

It has 31 segments: __ cervical, ___ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ___, ___ sacral segments and __ coccygeal

A

8 cervial, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

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3
Q

How many roots does each segment of the spinal cord connect to?

A

4.

Ventral root and Dorsal root (a pair on each half)

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4
Q

What is each root made up of?

A

1-8 rootlets, which consist of bundle of nerve fibres

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5
Q

What is another aka for mixed nerves?

A

Spinal nerves

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6
Q

T/F: Ventral (anterior) root contains axons that carry afferent signals from the spinal cord to effectors (muscles and viscera)

A

False. They carry efferent signals

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7
Q

What lies in the dorsal root, close to the junction of the ventral root?

A

A dorsal root ganglion (spinal ganglion), a swelling that contains the cell bodies of 1st order neurons aka unipolar aka primary afferent (these attach to receptors)

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8
Q

The spinal nerve splits into two primary divisions:

A
  1. The Dorsal rami: supply the posterior body trunk & back of the head
  2. The Ventral rami: supply the lateral and anterior trunk and the upper and lower extremities
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9
Q

T/F: The dorsal and ventral rami are mixed nerves because they are branches of the spinal root

A

False.

The dorsal and ventral rami are mixed nerves because they are branches of the spinal NERVE

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10
Q

T/F: The dorsal rami supply the posterior body trunk & back of the head including the intrinsic back muscles - sacrospinalis, deep paraspinals aka transversospinalis, splenius capitis and crevices, & the sub occipital muscle

A

True

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11
Q

T/F: All dorsal primary rami travel anteriorly b/w the TVPs and most are mixed nerves.

A

False.
Dorsal primary rami travel posteriorly
Remember: Dorsal = posterior

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12
Q

The sensory distribution of dorsal primary rami appear in regular segmental bands except for …

A

when they become clunial nerves of the buttocks (small nerves in the butt)

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13
Q

T/F: The intercostal nerves and the ventral rami are different structures

A

False. They are the same structures

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14
Q

Nerve plexuses are formed when

A

The axons in the ventral rami that serve the upper and lower extremities mix and mingle with each other to form nerve networks called plexuses

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15
Q

Post plexus is an aka for ___

A

Peripheral nerves i.e those serving the upper and lower extremities, usually contain fibres from more than one spinal nerve

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16
Q

A muscle getting innervation from multiple spinal nerves can retain some function if one spinal nerve is damaged at the spinal cord location. What does this mean?

A

If you have damage in one section of the brain, you may not lose function in the other

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17
Q

T/F: Only ventral rami form plexuses

A

True.

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18
Q

In the lower cervical and upper thoracic region, ventral rami form _______

A

Brachial plexuses

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19
Q

In the lumbar and sacral regions, ventral rami form _____

A

Lumbosacral plexuses

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20
Q

T/F: The level SC injury is indicated by the highest level that remains intact.

A

True

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21
Q

What does a C3 lesion (complete or incomplete) mean?

A

It means that the dermatomes and myotomes associated with C1 to C3 are fully functioning. All those below C3 are affected

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22
Q

What does a L4 lesion mean?

A

It means that all dermatomes and myotomes located at L4 and above are intact and those below L4 are not.

23
Q

What makes up the brachial plexus?

A

The brachial plexus is formed by ventral rami C5-T1 and it supplies the upper limb and the supporting musculature of the scapula

24
Q

Name the regions of the plexus.

A

Roots, trunks, divisions and cords

25
Q

What gives rise to terminal branches aka nerves aka peripheral nerves aka post-plexus nerves.

A

Cords

26
Q

Roots of spinal nerves connect to _____

A

Spinal cord.

4 roots for every segment

27
Q

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1 are referred to as _____ of the brachial plexus

A

Roots

* NOT the same as roots that form the spinal nerves

28
Q

Roots that form the spinal nerve (mixed) are

A

Ventral root (efferent) and Dorsal root (afferent) which bifurcate into dorsal and ventral rami(mixed), those from C5-T1 are “roots” of brachial plexus.

29
Q

The trunks of the brachial plexus pass b/w the _____ and ______ muscles

A

Anterior and middle scalene.

Trunks go to the tightest muscles because the breathing sucks

30
Q

T/F: Roots and terminal branches are not a network

A

True

31
Q

Name the 5 types of nerves

A

1) Musculocutaneous nerve
2) Ulnar nerve
3) Median nerve
4) Axillary nerve
5) Radial nerve

32
Q

Which nerve innervates most of the flexor muscles in the forearm and thenar muscles

A

Median nerve.

Fluid in thenar muscles indicate (pregnant)

33
Q

Which nerve is related to motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the elbow, write and fingers & anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial nerve. It is also the biggest nerve

35
Q

Which nerve innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand - a notable exception is the thenar eminence?

A

Ulnar nerve

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles in the flexor compartment of the upper arm such as the biceps brachia, coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

37
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve innervates ____

A

Rhomboids & levator scap

38
Q

Long thoracic nerve innervates ____

A

Serratus anterior

39
Q

Thorocodorsal nerve innervates ______

A

Latissimus dorsi (if this is taken out, you could lose an important muscle)

40
Q

A dermatome is an area of the skin supplied by sensory nerve fibres that originate from _______

A

A single dorsal nerve root of a single spinal nerve

41
Q

What is a receptive field?

A

Responsible of one unipolar neurone, for touch or for pain. Makes dermatome combine receptive field

42
Q

Dermatomes are not named according to the spinal nerve which supplies them

A

False. They are

43
Q

There is no C1 dermatome

A

True

44
Q

There is a reduction in sensitivity with loss of afferent nerve function by one spinal nerve.

A

True

45
Q

Radioculopathy is suspected when there is loss of sensation in a myotome

A

False. Its in the dermatome

46
Q

Radioculopathy aka

A

nerve root damage

47
Q

____ is derived from the latin and french words for girdle

A

Shingles

48
Q

This is a common name for a disease caused by the virus Herpes zoster, same virus that produces Chicken pox

A

Shingles

49
Q

Shingles is most common in what age?

A

50 and older

50
Q

What are the s/s of shingles?

A

Burning, tingling, sensitive skin.

Rash of raised dots develops into painful blisters that last about 2 weeks

51
Q

Where does shingles occur?

A

Trunk and buttocks, but can appear anywhere.

52
Q

Cutaneous nerves are _____ nerves that are response for providing sensory innervation of the skin.

A

Peripheral nerves

53
Q

How are cutaneous and spinal nerves different?

A

Cutaneous nerves can be derived from multiple mingled spinal nerves whereas, dermatomes only specify the area served by the dorsal root of 1 spinal nerve

Neurology (2 decks)

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