Topic 4 - Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Acceleration

A

Change of velocity per unit time.

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2
Q

Acceleration of free fall

A

Acceleration of an object acted on only by the force of gravity.

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3
Q

Braking distance

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle in the time taken to stop it.

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4
Q

Centre of Mass

A

The centre of mass of a body is the point through which a single force on the body has no turning effect.

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5
Q

Couple

A

Pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body but not along the same line.

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6
Q

Displacement

A

Distance in a given direction

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7
Q

Drag force

A

The force of fluid resistance on a object moving through the fluid.

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8
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of useful energy transferred (or the useful work done) by a machine or device to the energy supplied to it. The ratio of the machines outward power to its input power.

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9
Q

Effort

A

The force applied to a machine to make it move.

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10
Q

Equilibrium

A

State of an object when at rest or in uniform motion.

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11
Q

Force

A

Any interaction that can change the velocity of an object. measured in Newtons.

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12
Q

Free body force diagram

A

A diagram of an object showing only the forces acting on the object.

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13
Q

Friction

A

Force opposing the motion of a surface that moves or tries to move across another surface.

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14
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

Force of gravity per unit mass on a small object.

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15
Q

Inertia

A

Resistance of an object to change of its motion.

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16
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of an object due to its motion.

17
Q

Load

A

The force to be overcome by a machine when it shifts or raises an object.

18
Q

Mass

A

Measure of the inertia or resistance to change of motion of an object.

19
Q

Moment of a force about a point

A

Force x perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the point.

20
Q

Momentum

A

Mass x velocity

21
Q

Motive force

A

The force that drives a vehicle.

22
Q

Newton’s first law of motion

A

An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a resultant force.

23
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the resultant force (F) on it. Newton’s second law may be written as F = change in (ma)/ change in time. For constant mass, this equation becomes F = ma.

24
Q

Potential energy

A

The energy of an object due to its position.

25
Q

Power

A

Rate of transfer of energy.

26
Q

Pressure

A

Force per unit area acting on a surface perpendicular to the surface.

27
Q

Principle of conservation of energy.

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

28
Q

Principle of moments

A

For an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point = the sum of the anti-clockwise moments about that point.

29
Q

Projectile

A

A projected object in motion acted on only by the force of gravity.

30
Q

Scalar

A

A physical quantity with magnitude only.

31
Q

Speed

A

Change of distance per unit time. Measured in m/s

32
Q

Stopping distance

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

33
Q

Terminal speed

A

The maximum speed reached by an object when the drag on it is equal and opposite to the force causing the motion of the object.

34
Q

Thinking distance

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle in the time it takes the driver to react.

35
Q

Useful energy

A

Energy transferred to where it is wanted when it is wanted.

36
Q

Vector

A

A physical quantity with a magnitude and direction.

37
Q

Velocity

A

Change in displacement per unit time.

38
Q

Weight

A

The force of gravity acting on an object.

39
Q

Work

A

Force x distance moved in the direction of the force.