Topic 4 - Gender, Sexuality and Disability Flashcards
What do the Pluralist perspective believe about stereotype portrayal in the media?
It occurs because media audiences want it to, because they make a profit from selling and advertising.
What do Liberal Feminists believe about stereotypes portrayal in the media?
Women are underrepresented in the media, (men as chief executives, senior managers) it imposes and encourages a male view of the world.
What do Marxist Feminists believe about stereotypes portrayal in the media?
Profit making is important, so media owners need to attract advertisers and advertisers need stereotypes.
What do Radical Feminists believe about stereotypes portrayal in the media?
The media is patriarchal and is a man’s world, so women are in stereotyped roles and seen as subordinate.
They look good for the male gaze.
How are women represented in the media?
They are underrepresented in positions of power.
Who are the IWMF?
The International Women’s Media Foundation
What did the IWMF find?
They found that women faced marginalisation and a glass ceiling in UK news companies, when in decision-making hierarchies.
What is a glass ceiling?
An invisible barrier that stops you from making progress in a career. You are usually stuck at the junior professional level.
What are the statistics for the British Journalism industry?
94% white,
86% university-educated,
55% male.
What is the ‘male gaze’?
When men look (gaze) at women as sexual objects.
What are a few examples of the ‘male gaze’?
• images of women focus on their appearance and sexuality
• camera angles are used that focus on women’s sex appeal
• suggestions of/ actual nudity
Who initially discussed the ‘male gaze’?
Mulvey
Who builds on the idea of the ‘male gaze’?
Wolf
What does Wolf add?
He discusses that women are expected to conform to male perceptions of beauty.
What is a constant theme in advertising, and appears very often in the mass- circulation of tabloid press and many men’s magazines?
Female sexuality
What did the Leveson Enquiry Report show?
The tabloid press often failed to show respect for women’s dignity and often sexualised and demeaned them.
How is the media patriarchal?
The media is controlled mainly by men and presents a male view of women and femininity in male interests.
Who discussed the symbolic annihilation of women?
Tuchman et al.
What is the symbolic annihilation of women?
This involves 3 aspects of women in the media being:
1) trivialised - under represented
2) omitted - invisible
3) condemned - represented in stereotypical ways
(TOC)
What did women in Journalism find?
- Men account for 70% of quoted sources
- 66% as experts
- women aren’t the subject of news stories, as much as men are
What percentage of people heard or read about in media were male according to the Global Media Monitoring Project (2010)?
76%
What percentage of people heard or read about in media were female according to the Global Media Monitoring Project (2010)?
24%
What types of media were analyzed in the Global Media Monitoring Project (2010)?
Print, radio, television news, and news websites
True or False: The Global Media Monitoring Project (2010) found that more women than men were represented in media.
False
