topic 4 extrating metals and equilibrium Flashcards
what is oxidization and reduction
The reaction with or addition of oxygen.
Reduction can be the removal of oxygen
most to least reactive metals
pottasium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold
trend from the series
the metals at the top are the most reactive- they easily loose their electrons to form cations (positive ions). They oxidise easily
the metals at the bottom are the least reactive- they don’t give up their electrons easily, they are more resistant to oxidisation.
how do metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid
The more reactive the metal the faster the reaction with acid will go
the more reactive the more bubbles are produced and it fizzes more.
speed is indicated by the rate the hydrogen bubbles are given off
trends
test for hydrogen results on metals
Magnesium- loud squeaky pops
aluminium- fair old squeaky pop
zinc- quiet squeaky pop
iron- very quiet squeaky pop
copper- no reaction
how do metals react in water
more reactive metals like pottasium, sodium, lithium and calcium will react vigorously while less reactive metals like magnessium, iron and zinc will not react much with water
how is displacement reaction a redox reaction
a more reactive element reacts to take the place of a less reactive metal . More reactive metal loses electrons while less reactive metal gains electrons.
more reactive metal is OXIDISED while less reactive metal is REDUCED
what is metal extracted from
ores found in earth’s crust
where are unreactive metals found
found in earth’s crust as uncombined elements
what are the ways to extract metals from ores
heating with carbon, electrolysis
why is one or the other used
Heating with carbon economically worthwhile but is only able to be used on less reactive elements like gold and zinc.
electrolysis- Is able to be used on any element but takes a lot of energy so is economically unrealistic.
name other alternative biological methods of extracting
bioleaching and phytoextraction
what is bioleaching
Uses bacteria to separate metals from their ores. The bacteria gets energy from the bonds between the ore, separating out the metal in the process. The leachate (solution produced) contains metal ions.
what is phytoextraction
Plants growing in soil that contains metal compounds absorb the metals and they build up in the leaves. Plants are then burned. The ash contains metal compounds
what is the corelation with the resistance to oxidization and the metals position in the series
the lower down the metal the resistance is higher as they don’t give up their electron easily
What are the advantages of recycling
1) Conserves resources and energy.
2) protects the environment
3) economic benefits
how does recycling conserve resources and energy
1) extracting raw resources takes a lot of energy
2) fossil fuels are running out and using less energy conserves them
3) recycling saves energy as a small fraction of energy needed to extract and refine the materials form scratch
4) finite amount of raw material
how does recycling protect environment
extracting materials, such as mines and deforestation damage nd destroy habitats
large amount of rubbish gets sent to landfill
how does recycling have economic benefits
1) energy to extract meterial is expensive
2) metals that are expensive should be recycled
3) recycling creates many jobs
4) jobs created at every stage of process
what is a life cycle of a product
looks at each stage of the process and life of a product. there are 4 stages Choice of material, manufacture, product use, disposal
explain the life cycle stage choice of product
1)Metals have to be mined and extracted these processes take a lot of energy and cause pollution
2) raw material for chemical manufacturer comes from crude oil.
explain the life cylce stage manufacture
1) manufacturing products take a lot of energy and other resources
2) cause pollution
3) waste products and disposal
4) waste can be recycled and turned into useful chemicals
5) needs water and don’t put polluted water back
explain the life cycle stage- product use
1) paint gives off toxic fumes
2) burning fuels releases greenhouse gasses
3) fertilisers can leach into streams and rivers and euthanise the water
