Topic 4 - Extracting metals and Equilibria Flashcards
What is really mesured in the reactivity series?
How easily the metals form positive ions -> how easily they react
Displacement reactions
When more reactive metals replace less reactive metals.
How do you extract metal ores that are less reactive than carbon?
Reduction with carbon
1.
How do you extract metal ores that are more reactive than carbon?
electrolysis
What happens in reduction with carbon?
It switches with the metal oxide to form carbon dioxide, leaving the metal by itself, rreduced.
Bio-leaching
The extraction of metals in their ores through the use of living organisms.
Bacteria feeds on copper ore and then produces pure copper in its leachate.
Phyto-mining
The extraction of metals in their ores through
the use of plants.
Plants that absorb copper ions are harvested and burned for pure copper.
What is a reversible reaction?
where the products can react with eachother to create the original reactants ( it goes both ways)
What is na example of a reversible reaction?
The Haber process:
N2+3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 ( + Heat )
Where are the reactants come from in the Haber process?
Nitrogen - easily from air, about 78% N
Hydrogen - From Hydrocarbons e.g. natural gas and crude oil
What are the conditions for the Haber process?
450”C
Pressure - 200 atm
Iron Catalyst
Why is equilibruim reached in Reversible reactions?
As (reactants or Products) React, their concentration will fall, the other products concentration will rise, leading to their rate of reaction to increase.
What is Dynamic equilibrium?
The forward and backward reactions are both happening at the same time and at the same rate, and the concentration of both have reached a balance and wont change
When can equilibrium be reached?
In a closed system
What 3 things can change position of equilibrium?
Temperature
Pressure (For GASES)
Concentration
