Topic 4 Ecology: Coevolution Flashcards
1
Q
- Coevolution is the evolution of one species in response to new adaptations that appear in another species
A
Note
2
Q
- These are toxic chemicals produced in plants that discourage would-be herbivores because they are toxic to herbivores. Examples of secondary compounds are tannins in oaks and nicotine in tobacco. Tannins in plants taste bitter and discourage herbivores from eating them
A
- Secondary Compounds
3
Q
- Camouflage is any color, pattern, shape, or behavior that enables an animal to blend in with its surroundings. Both prey and predator benefit from camouflage
A
- Camouflage (cryptic coloration)
4
Q
- A conspicuous pattern or coloration of animals that warns predators that they sting, bite, taste bad, are poisonous, or are otherwise to be avoided
A
- Aposematic coloration (warning coloration)
5
Q
- Occurs when two or more species resemble one another in appearance. There are two types:
A
- Mimicry
6
Q
a. Mullerian Mimicry
b. Batesian Mimicry
A
Types of Mimicry
7
Q
- Occurs when several animals, all with some special defense mechanism, share the same coloration. This way, the predator only has to learn that one pattern is bad instead of lots of variants. Examples are yellow and black body markings from bees, yellow jackets, and wasps
A
a. Mullerian Mimicry
8
Q
- Occurs when an animal without any special defense mechanism mimics the coloration of an animal that does possess a defense. Coloration, camouflage, mimicry, etc. are passive defenses. Active defenses are hiding, fleeing, defending but can be costly in energy
A
b. Batesian Mimicry
9
Q
- Pollination of many kinds of flowers occurs as a result of coevolution of finely-tuned traits between flowers and pollinators. For example, red tubular flowers coevolved with hummingbirds that are attracted to the color red. The tubular flowers provide nectar to hummingbirds in exchange for pollen transfer
A
- Pollination
