Topic 4 - Demography

Question 1

how is birth rate defined

Answer 1

its defined as the number of live births

Question 2

what are the reasons for the decline in birth rate

Answer 2

Changes in women’s position, decline in infant mortality rate ,children being an economic liability, child centeredness

Question 3

how has women’s position affected birth rate

Answer 3

educated women are likely to use family planning, an easier access to divorce, contraception

Question 4

state sociologist for birth rate

Answer 4

harper- the education of women leads to the decline of birth rates , educated women see other possibilities of life eg: careers before children

Question 5

how has child centeredness affected birth rate

Answer 5

parents want to give children a quality life , they give more attention to them

Question 6

what is an economic liability and hoiw has it affected birth rate ?

Answer 6

economically, there are laws to stop children from working at a young age , this means there is more financial pressure on the parent, bringing up a child is costly.

Question 7

what is the dependency ratio

Answer 7

is the relationship between the size of the working population and the size of the population that does not work
less children means that there is less of a burden on parents

Question 8

vanishing children

Answer 8

childhood can become lonely as children have less siblings , it could also mean that they can become more valued, leading back to child centeredness

Question 9

aging population

Answer 9

women are deciding to have children when they are older because of their careers

Question 10

why has death rate declined?

Answer 10

the 1950’s had a disease of wealth, leading to people getting heart disease , resulting in death,
medical improvements have been made and people know that they should live a healthier lifestyle to reduce the chance of death

Question 11

reasons for the decline in death rate

Answer 11

improved nutrition -increases the resistance to infection, increasing the survival rates
medical improvements- NHS 1948,surgery and improved medication
smoking and diet- replaced by obesity
public health measures - quality of the environment
and other social changes eg; smaller families, greater public knowledge of illness, higher income, better lifestyle

Question 12

statistics

Answer 12

males born in England are likely to live until they’re 50

Question 13

what is the average age of the population in 2013

Answer 13

40.3

Question 14

is immigration the movement out of a country

Answer 14

no,

immigration is the movement into a society, emigration is the movement out

Question 15

what is net migration

Answer 15

this refers to the numbers of immigrants and emigrants

Question 16

define the push and pull factors

Answer 16

push factors-this involves a force that acts to drive people away from a eg: poor services, poor medical care and jobs
pull factor : draws people to a new location eg: pay rise

Question 17

ageism modernity and post modernity

Answer 17

negative stereotyping and mistreatment of older generations eg: discrimination in unemployment . ill treatment in healthcare

Question 18

are older generations dependant on their family and state

Answer 18

yes, because they are excluded from paid work

Question 19

what do postmodernists argue about in todays postmodern society?

Answer 19

stages of the life course has broken down eg: dressing styles etc

Question 20

what is the difference between the middle class and the working class?

Answer 20

MC had occupational pensions because they had better jobs , better savings . WC are likely to have a lower life expectancy

Question 21

improved nutrition : Thomas mc Kowen

Answer 21

argues that improved nutrition reduces the number of deaths from TB as it boosts the resistance to TB

Question 22

medical improvements

Answer 22

medical knowledge has increased since the 1950s such as the introduction of the NHS, improved maternity services

Question 23

smoking and diet

Answer 23

harper- a large reduction in the people who smoke has lead to a falling death rate
OBESITY HAS INCREASED

Question 24

Public health measure s

Answer 24

gov and local councils have put in pblic health laws that has improved the environment and health

Question 25

globalisation and migration

Answer 25

def globalisation : societies disappearing and becoming connected through national boundaries 
this could be a result of global media and global markets

Question 26

what is acceleration?

Answer 26

united nations states that : international migration has increased by 33 %

Question 27

differentiation

Answer 27

different sorts of migrants : temporary workers , refugees and asylum seekers , increases the diversity of migrant

Question 28

what is the difference between citizens , denizens and helots ?

Answer 28

citizens : have full citizenship rights
Denizens : privileged foreign nationals
helots: most exploited, disposable unions of power