TOPIC 4: chronic kidney disease management- drug therapy

Question 1

clinical features (6)

Answer 1

clinical features:

1) uremia- increased nitrogenous waste products in blood (azotemia) result in nausea, anorexia, pericarditis, PLT dysfunction, encephalopathy with asterixis and deposition of urea crystals in skin
2) salt and water retention with resultant hypertension
3) hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
4) anemia due to decrease EPO production
5) hypocalcemia due to decreased 1a-hydroxylation of VITD by proximal renal tubule cells and hyperphosphatemia
6) renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia and osteoporosis

Question 2

causes

Answer 2

causes of ESKF:

1) glomerular, tubular, inflammatory or vascular insults
2) DM, HTN