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Chemistry Paper 1 > Topic 4: Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Topic 4: Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What ions do acids form when they dissolve in water (an aqueous solution)?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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2
Q

What ions do alkalis form when they dissolve in water (an aqueous solution)?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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3
Q

What does a pH scale measure?

A

How acidic or Alkaline a substance is.

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4
Q

What does an oxidation reaction involve?

A

Gaining oxygen and losing electrons

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5
Q

What does a reduction reaction involve?

A

Losing oxygen and gaining electrons

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6
Q

When a substance is oxidised, it always…

A

…Loses electrons

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7
Q

When a substance is reduced, it always…

A

…Gains electrons

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8
Q

What is OILRIG?

A

Oxidation
Is
Loss
Reduction
Is
Gain

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9
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal (one that forms positive ions more easing) removes a less reactive metal from a compound.

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10
Q

A metal can only displays above metal from a compound if it is located _______ it in the reactivity series

A

Above.

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11
Q

What can more reactive substances do in a displacement reaction?

A

They can replace less reactive substances from compounds.

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12
Q

Complete this displacement reaction:

Sodium Bromide + Chlorine -> ? + ?

A

Sodium Bromide + Chlorine -> Sodium Chloride + Bromine

Bromide ions are oxidised (electrons are lost)
2Br- ->Br2 + 2e-

Chlorine is reduced (electrons are gained)
Cl2 +2e- -> 2Cl-

Sodium remains unchanged as it is a spectator ion in this reaction.

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13
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

Ions that remain unchanged in the reaction.

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14
Q

When reacting with other substances, metal atoms always form….

A

Positive ions

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15
Q

What is the reactivity of a metal linked to?

A

How easy it is for a metal to form it’s positive ion.

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16
Q

How can metals be arranged?

A

In order of reactivity.

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17
Q

What are native metals?

A

Metals that are found in the Earth’s crust as pure metals that are highly unreactive.

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18
Q

Name 2 examples of native metals.

A

Gold and Platinum, which are both highly UNREACTIVE.

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19
Q

What charge do ions normally get from metal atoms?

A

A positive charge.

20
Q

What charge ions normally form from metal atoms?

A

Positive ions

21
Q

What 3 metals all react quickly with cold water to produce metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gas?

A

Potassium, sodium and lithium
(in ascending order)

21
Q

What colour flame is produced when potassium reacts with water?

A

A lilac flame.

22
Q

What do metals react with dilute acid to give?

A

a salt and hydrogen gas

23
Q

Name 5 examples of metals that react with dilute acids but not with cold water?

A

Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead

24
Q

Name 4 metals that are not reactive enough to react with dilute acids.
(think jewellery)

A

Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

25
Q

Metal + Water =

A

Metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

26
Q

Metal + Dilute Acid =

A

Metal + Dilute Acid -> A Salt + Hydrogen

27
Q

Name 2 reasons why carbon is used to extract many metals.

A

Cheap
Abundant

28
Q

In what conditions does reducing a metal with carbon will extract the metal?

A

the metal has to be lower in the reactivity series than carbon.

29
Q

How is carbon used to extract metals?

A

in reduction, metal uses oxygen to form a pure metal, which is done by heating the metal oxide with the presence of carbon, usually coal.

30
Q

What is always formed when acids react with metals?

A

Hydrogen and a salt

31
Q

Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid =

A

Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

32
Q

Zinc + Sulfuric Acid =

A

Zinc + Sulfuric Acid -> Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen

33
Q

What 2 reactions do redox reactions involve?

A

Oxidation and Reduction.

34
Q

Are spectator ions included in the ionic equation?

A

No.

35
Q

how are acids neutralised?

A

by reacting them with bases (an alkali is a based that dissolves by water)

36
Q

what do acid + metal carbonate make?

A

a salt + water + CO2

37
Q

hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate ->

A

-> calcium chloride + water + CO2

38
Q

Acid + metal oxide ->

A

-> a salt + water

39
Q

acid + hydroxide ->

A

-> a salt + water

40
Q

hydrochloric acid + magnesium oxide ->

A

-> magnesium chloride + water

41
Q

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ->

A

-> sodium chloride + water

42
Q

what are soluble salts?

A

salts that dissolve in water

43
Q

how do we produce soluble salts?

A

by reacting an acid and a solid insoluble substance (such as a pure metal, metal carbonates etc.)

44
Q

How are blue copper sulfate crystals formed?

A

By adding black copper oxide to sulfuric acid

45
Q

DID NOT DO RP

A

Chemistry Paper 1 (2 decks)

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