Topic 4: Agency Contributions To Achieving Social Control Flashcards
What are ASBOs and why are they criticised?
ASBOs are Anti Social Behaviour Orders to correct low level antisocial behaviour e.g. swearing and are criticised since offenders view them as desirable and a badge of honour
What replaced ASBOs and how do they differ?
Criminal Behaviour Orders (CBOs) replaced ASBOs and differ as a breach results in restrictions and requires change to behaviour e.g. drug treatment
CBOs are available under what Act?
Anti Social Behaviour, crime and Policing Act 2014
What is token economy and how is it used in prisons?
Token economy is based on behaviour modification where positive behaviour is rewarded (such as TV privileges in prison) and negative behaviour is punished (restrictions on privileges) which links to Skinners operant conditioning
What is a limitation of token economy?
When the offender leave prison the token economy system isn’t implemented in their day to day life so individuals are not motivated to behave properly since they aren’t going to be rewarded
What is the incentives and earned privileges scheme and how does it promote conformity?
Encourages conformity through rational choice by enabling people to earn benefits
What are the 3 levels of behaviour under the incentives and earned privileges scheme?
Basic
Standard
Enhanced
What punishments can a prisoner face for breaking prison rules?
Lose Up to:
- TV privileges 42 days
- 84 days worth of money
Cellular confinement (up to 35 days)
How do institutions outside of prison enforce discipline? (Hint: schools / law society / general medical council / National Probation Service)
School - Detention
Law Society - Removed from Roll of solicitors
General medical council - Disqualify members from medical profession
National Probation Service - allows 2 minor breaches of community order before referring back to court
What does CPSTED stand for and who introduced it?
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Originated from Criminologist C. Ray Jeffrey
How does CPTED aim to reduce crime?
CPTED and to reduce crime by reducing the opportunity to commit crimes e.g. clear lighting and more open spaces
Why is open space and clear lighting important in CPTED?
Open spaces minimises hiding spots around corner in blind spots and clear lighting improves visibility
What example is given to illustrate the importance of open space in CPTED?
The murder of Damilola Taylor in a closed stairwell illustrates the importance of open spaces in preventing crime
How does CPTED link to the broken windows theory?
CPTED relates to the broken window theory since visible crime in the environment is suggested to encourage further crime
What positive effects are associated with resident tended gardens and school artwork in CPTED?
School Artwork and resident tended gardens promote a sense of ownership which links to the functionalist view of crime whereby positive boundary maintenance is achieved due to the sense of community
What criticism is mentioned about CPTED principles regarding criminal activity in visible places?
CPTED principles suggest criminals operate in hidden places but this is not always true as graffiti often takes place in visible locations
What is the purpose of a Panopticon design in prison architecture?
The American panopticon design allows an observer to view all prisoners without the prisoners being able to tell that they are being watched
What is a superman prison and how does it differ from a standard maximum security prison?
A superman prison provides protection to those who pose a threat to national and international security. Supermax prisons differ as each prisoner is left in long term segregated housing
How is HMP Berwyn designed differently to other prisons?
HMP Berwyn is the countries biggest prison, holding 2100 prisoners, it is unique as the accommodation is split into smaller units for easier management of inmates
What is the purpose of gated lanes?
Gates are installed at the entrance to rear alleyways to deter burglars from obtaining unlawful access to houses.
How have gated lanes been implemented in Preston and Cardiff?
A gated lane scheme in Preston has given residents a feeling that they can reclaim their streets.
They have also been installed in Cardiff to reduce crime and to prevent rubbish being dumped.
However residents have suggested that £4000 per gate is too costly to justify
What are some examples of unreported crime?
The police can’t detect crime if not brought to their attention
- Domestic abuse (misguided loyalty)
- White Collar Crime (lack of proof / time gap)
How can budget cuts impact crime prevention efforts?
Budget cuts can impact criminal cases as there is a lack of police officers handling a surplus of cases
