Topic 4

Question 1

studied girls magazines in 1970 and compared with magazines in 1990. 1970s= ‘traditional women’ importance of marriage 1990= assertive independent women

Answer 1

McRobbie

Question 2

conducted interviews with girls in 1970s and 1990s 1970=low aspirations saw having ambitions and being intelligent as unattactive 1990:wanted to be independent have a good career

Answer 2

Sharpe

Question 3

found the gender gap was fair until 1989 the year which coursework was produced. He concludes the gender gap is a product of the changed system.

Answer 3

Gorad

Question 4

support Gorads GCSE and coursework theory and argue this is because girls are more neat, organised, better at meeting deadlines.

Answer 4

Mitsos and Browne

Question 5

(AO3) argues although coursework has had some influence it is unlikely to be the only cause of the gender gap. Exams have a higher influence on grades than the coursework

Answer 5

Elwood

Question 6

gender differences in communication styles, boys dominated class discussions, girls better at listening and prefer group work. Teachers respond more positively to girls because of this

Answer 6

Swann

Question 7

Boys are less attractive to schools more likely to suffer behaviour problems 4 times more likely to be excluded

Answer 7

Slee

Question 8

gender gap is due to the result of boys poorer literacy and language skills

Answer 8

DCSF

Question 9

Boys have fallen behind because education does not nurture masculine traits such as leadership instead they favour qualities associated with girls putting boys at a disadvantage

Answer 9

Sewell

Question 10

39% of 8-11 year old boys have no lessons with a male teacher. 42% of boys surveyed said a male teacher made them work harder.

Answer 10

Yugov

Question 11

wc boys ridiculed for being ‘swots’ if they were focosed on school

Answer 11

Epstein

Question 12

Being called swots was a threat to their masculinity which is important in working class culture.

Answer 12

Francis

Question 13

Teachers encourage boys to be tough and masculine and encourage girls to be more quiet and helpful

Answer 13

Bryne

Question 14

From an early age boys and girls are given different clothes, toys and encouraged to take part in different activities

Answer 14

Norman

Question 15

childrens beliefs about gender domains are shaped by their early experiences and expectations of adults.

Answer 15

Browne and Ross

Question 16

science is a boys subject for many reasons one being science teachers are more likely to be men

Answer 16

kelly

Question 17

found girls were called lesbians or labelled as butch if they took an interest in sport.

Answer 17

Dewar

Question 18

Girls labelled as slags if they appeared sexually available and drags if they didnt

Answer 18

Lees

Question 19

found boys were labelled as gay for being friendly with girls

Answer 19

Parker

Question 20

the .male gaze’= the way male pupils look girls up and down seeing them as sexual objects and making judgements on appearance

Answer 20

mac an ghaill

Question 21

identifies a double standard of sexual morality boys boast about their sexual exploits but call a girl a slag if she doesnt have a steady boyfriend

Answer 21

Lees