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SCEINCE COMBINED Physics Paper 1 > Topic 4 & 5 - Waves And EM Spectrum > Flashcards

Topic 4 & 5 - Waves And EM Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave’s amplitude?

A

Height of the wave

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2
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Distance between 2 corresponding points

Metres

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3
Q

Define frequency

A

How many waves pass by every second

Hz
(1/period in seconds)

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4
Q

What is the speed of sound?

A

300 000 000 m/s

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5
Q

Define what a TRANSVERSE WAVE is

A

Displacement is at a right angle to direction of wave

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6
Q

Define what a LONGITUDINAL WAVE is

A

Displacement is parallel to direction of wave

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7
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

Reduction of a wave’s density

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8
Q

What is compression?

A

A longitudinal wave propagated by an elastic force

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9
Q

Define the CREST of a wave

A

Point at which the wave is at max. height

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10
Q

What is the TROUGH?

A

Lowest point for a wave

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11
Q

What is the wave velocity?

A

Speed and direction of a wave

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12
Q

What is the WORD equation for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wave length

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13
Q

What is the SYMBOL equation for wave speed?

A

V = f x h

M/s = Hz x m

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14
Q

What is the alternate equation for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = distance / time

M/s = m / s

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15
Q

How do you measure the speed of water ripples using a strobe light?

A

A wave pattern is shown by the wave crests

Measure the distance between the lines and how many pass every second

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17
Q

When does refraction take place?

A

When a wave crosses an interface between 2 different materials
(E.g. air to glass, glass to air)

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18
Q

At what degree does the normal line have to be drawn at to the surface of the material?

A

90 degrees to the surface

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19
Q

What is refraction?

A

THE CHANGE OF SPEED AND CHANGE OF DIRECTION

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21
Q

What are ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES?

A

Transverse

A spectrum of light waves

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22
Q

What is the order of the rainbow colours?

A 
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
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23
Q

Which light can human eyes detect?

A

Visible light

24
Q

What is the order of the EM Spectrum?

A 
Gamma rays
X rays
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwaves
RAdiowaves
25
Q

What is the origin of gamma rays?

A

Gamma decay

26
Q

What is the origin of x rays?

A

Discovered: 1895 by Roentgen

27
Q

What is the origin of visible light?

A

Vibrations of charged particles

28
Q

What is the origin of infrared light?

A

Thermal radiation discovered by Herschel

29
Q

Who discovered microwaves?

A

Percy Spencer

30
Q

Who discovered radiowaves?

A

James Clara

31
Q

How do you detect gamma rays?

A

Semi conductor

32
Q

How do you detect x rays?

A

Scintillator detector

33
Q

How do you detect ultra violet?

A

A solid state device

34
Q

How do you detect infrared light?

A

Thermal detection

35
Q

How do you detect micro waves?

A

Magnetron

36
Q

How do you detect radio waves?

A

With a receiver

37
Q

How are gamma rays used?

A

Medicinal or treatment for diseases like cancer

38
Q

What are the uses of x rays?

A

To produce negative images of skeletal structures

39
Q

What are uses of ultraviolet?

A

To detect fake money

40
Q

What are uses infrared?

3

A

Cooking
Remote controls
Security systems

41
Q

What are uses of micro waves?

3

A

Cooking
Mobile phones
Satellite

42
Q

What are uses of radio waves?

A

Communications

43
Q

What are dangers of gamma rays?

A

Penetrates skin and damages cells

To kill microbes and sterilise

44
Q

What are dangers of x rays?

A

Radiation exposure can cause cell mutations

45
Q

What are dangers of ultraviolet?

A

Can damage eyes and skin

46
Q

What are dangers of infrared?

A

Skin burns / damage

47
Q

What are dangers of microwaves?

A

Radiation exposure

48
Q

What are risks involved with radio waves?

A

Cancerous risks

49
Q

Which light on the EM Spectrum is just too high for our eyes to detect?

A

Ultraviolet light

50
Q

Which light is just too low for our eyes to detect?

A

Infrared

61
Q

Waves with high frequencies have…

A

Short wavelengths

62
Q

Waves with low frequencies have…

A

long wavelengths

63
Q

How much did each colour’s temperatures rise by Herschel’s experiment in discovering infrared?

A

Blue = 6 degrees
Yellow = 9 degrees
BEYOND RED = 11 degrees (infrared)

SCEINCE COMBINED Physics Paper 1 (4 decks)

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