Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geo > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A place where a group of people live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A settlement is a place where

A
  1. A group of people live.
  2. An infrastructure exists.
  3. Buildings occur.
  4. Social and economic activities happen.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a site?

A

It is the actual place where a settlement grew.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Factors that can influence the site of a settlement

A
  1. Physical factors: availability of resources Water
  2. Economic factors: availability of valuable materials that can be mined
  3. Trade and transport factors: availability of natural harbours crossing point to large river
  4. Cultural or social factors: new towns built from existing towns Improve living condition, attract light industries to create jobs, and build a road network for easy traffic flow and easy access to schools, clinics and other facilities
  5. Political factors: government make new settlements due to the need of housing.
  6. Historical factors: Some settlements need defensive sites to protect them from invaders.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is situation

A

The relationship between the settlement and the surrounding region For example, soil, climate, other settlements, geology, and vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are rural settlements?

A

A small settlement with a small population involved in primary activities; unifunctional.
(Farming, mining, fishing, forestry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are urban settlements?

A

A large settlement with a large population involved in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities; multifunctional.
secondary (manufacturing), tertiary (trade, transport, education, service, administration), Quaternary (law, finance, media, research, IT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Settlement sizes

A

Small: isolated farmstead, hamlet, vilage.
Large: town, city.
Largest: Metropolis, conurbation, megalopolis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Land use

A

Urban: density, great variety, and mixture of land use.
Rural: Widely spaced, land use is one or two activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Size and complexity of settlements

A

Isolated farmstead: The smallest, least complex settlement involving primary activities.
Hamlet: A loose grouping of a few farmsteads involving primary activities.
Vilage: A denser grouping of many farmsteads involving primary activities.
Town: A densely populated urban area with a more complex infrastructure and varied economic activities.
City: A large urban area where many people live and work.
Conurbation: A large urban area formed by the growth and coalescence of a number of towns and cities.
Metropolis: A main city in a region that is surrounded by dependent towns. Megalopolis: A gigantic urban complex formed when a number of cornurbations join to form the most complex settlement with regards to economic activities, population, and infrastructure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nucleated pattern

A

Settlement dwellings for a dense grouping of buildings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dispersed pattern

A

Settlement dwellings are isolated and spaced far apart from each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function

A

The reasons for, or purpose of, a settlement’s existence; the way in which people who live there make a living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wet-point sites

A

When the location of the settlement site is determined entirely by the presence of water source. Especially in a dry areas, as water is needed for daily and is heavy to transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dry-point sites

A

A settlement site that is chosen in an attempt to avoid water because of the danger of flooding. This is relevant in many wet areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physical factors that influence the location of rural settlements

A

Availability of a reliable fresh water system
Water avoidance.
Farming Factors.
Availability of building materials and energy resources
The positive effects of microclimates - slope aspect, inversions, and wind protection.
Relief.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Economic factors that influence the location of rural settlements

A

Fertile, well-drained soil, grazing land
A natural harbour, close to fishing
Tourist attraction lead to development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Settlement shape

A

The shape formed by the buildings in the settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Common settlement shapes

A

Round or circular, linear, crossroads and T-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rural land use

A

What the land is used for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming to produce food for the family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Commercial farming

A

Farming for a profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rural urban migration

A

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

24
Q

Rural depopulation

A

The decline in population of a rural area

25
Q

Urbanisation

A

The increase in the proportion or percentage of people living in towns

26
Q

Selective outward migration

A

Migration of any age group

27
Q

Ageing population

A

Only older members of a population remain in an area

28
Q

Obstacles faced by rural-urban migrants

A

Distance, lack of capital, travel costs, illiteracy, misinformation, and a new lifestyle

29
Q

Service centre

A

Small rural towns that provide services to the surrounding rural community.

30
Q

Consequences of rural depopulation

A

Resources in rural areas are not used to develop the economy.
Spending in the smaller service centers decreases as local farmers leave the farms.
Services in the smaller centres close down
Young men are the first to migrate; women, children, and the elderly remain.
Crime (farm murders increase)
Unemployment increases.
Properties have a low value.
Tertiary services are below standard.
The cycle of rural decline and decay sets in.

31
Q

Rural decay

A

The effect of rural depopulation

32
Q

Communal tenure system

A

Land owned by the community. and the people who live on it have a right to farm that land.

33
Q

Sustainable rural development strategies

A

A plan of action that can be maintained and continued into the future

34
Q

Rural development

A

The growth and expansion of rural areas

35
Q

Land reform

A

Changing the existing structure of land tenure; breaking up large estates; and redistributing the land.

36
Q

Social Justice

A

The idea that all individuals are entitled to satisfy basic human needs

37
Q

Rural land reform

A

People are given security of land tenure, including communal land ownership and informal ownership of land by farm workers and labor tenants.

38
Q

Rural settlement issues and associated problems

A

Lack of arable land, depopulation of rural villages, towns, and isolated farms, social injustice, lack of capital and investments, limited infrastructure, unemployment, uneven rural population distribution, lack of services, land reform, soil erosion and overgrazing, droughts and floods, poverty, and malnutrition

39
Q

Rural economic development is hindered because of

A

Remote location, small settlements, expensive services and products such as foodstuffs and transport, limited access and high costs of public transport, road-transport limitations experienced by large scale commercial farmers.

40
Q

Land tenure

A

The legal right to use land

41
Q

Rural land redistribution

A

Land is allocated to disadvantaged and poor people for settlement and farming

42
Q

Labour tenants

A

People who exchange their labour for use of the land on the farm

43
Q

rural land restitution

A

Land that was forcibly removed from people under apartheid law is given back to those people. Claims are lodged with the Land Claims Court, where the outcome is decided.

44
Q

Urbanisation

A

The process by which an increasing proportion of a country’s population is concentrated in urban areas is called urbanization.

45
Q

Urban growth

A

An increase in the number of people living in urban areas

46
Q

Level of urbanisation

A

The number of people who live in urban settlements expressed as a percentage of the total population

47
Q

Rate of urbanisation

A

The pace at which urbanisation takes place

48
Q

Location

A

Where a place is situated; the exact position of a place

49
Q

Tertiary (Activities)

A

Also called ‘Services’, for example, retail, banking, education, transportation, and medical.

50
Q

Quaternary (Activities)

A

The collection, analysis and transmission of information, for example media, research and IT

51
Q

Secondary (Activities)

A

Manufacturing and industry

52
Q

Primary (Activities)

A

Farming, mining, fishing, forestry, and hunting

53
Q

Accessible

A

The ease with which a place or location can be reached from other places or locations

54
Q

Aerotropolis

A

Settlement close to a major airport with infrastructure and economic activities linked to the airport

55
Q

Types of settlements according to function

A
  1. Central places: urban settlements that are accessible and provide goods and services to the surrounding population.
  2. Trade and Transport: urban settlements that were established due to trade and transportation
  3. Break-of-bulk points: These settlements are established at a point where one mode of transport is changed for another and/or where the volume of goods being handled is reduced in volume.
  4. Specialised cities: towns and cities that specialise in a particular activity, for example, vehicle manufacturing, IT, tourism, or mining.
  5. Junction Towns: urban settlements that develop at important transport junctions, such as river crossings and railway and load junctions.
  6. Gateway towns or gap towns: Urban settlements located at physical ‘gap’ (space), such as a pass through a mountain range that enables a road or railway line to pass through, or at a ‘gateway’ (entrance) to the interior.

Geo (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions