Topic 4 Flashcards
Assimilate
Become a part of the dominant culture/group
Autonomy
Authority to make decisions
Collective Identity
shared between people, often based on language, religion or race
Collective Rights
Rights that apply to a certain group, language rights for example
Entrenched
Written down so that it cannot be changed; deeply rooted in
Ethnocentrism
Belief that Europeans are superior
First Nations
Founding groups of Canada (Metis, First Nations, Inuit)
Francophone
First language is French
Indian -
European used this term when they first came into contact with people in North America
Indian Act
Laws to deal with First Nations passed by the government (Residential Schools, Assimilation)
Inherent Rights
Rights you have for being a citizen
Official Language Minority
Group that speaks English or French but are a minority, in Alberta French would be the official language minority
Patriate
To bring home (Patriated the constitution from Britain)
Publicly Funded
Paid for by the government through taxes
Reserve
Land for first nations use, do not have to follow all rules that apply elsewhere in Canada
Scrip
document given to Metis that could exchanged for money or land
Sovereignty
Independence
What groups have collective rights in Canada
First Nations groups, Anglophones, Francophone
What were the Numbered Treaties
The Numbered Treaties were a series of 11 treaties made between the Crown and First Nations from 1871 to 1921.
What provinces are the numbered treaties in
Northern Ontario, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northern BC, Southern Ontario, NWT, part of Nunavut
What are some problems with the Numbered Treaties
The First Nations did not fully understand what they were signing, and did not know the implications of “cede, release, yield up and surrender.”
Another problem was “outside promises”- promises made verbally but not written in treaties
The Indian Act
It was created in 1876, and originally intended to assimilate First Nations people. It defined how First Nations had to conduct their affairs, it restricted the rights of First Nations to travel freely, act in politics, wear traditional dresses and participate in traditional ceremony.
Bill 101
This bill was created in 1977, and made French the official language of the Government and the courts of Quebec.. When the Charter came along, several challenges were made to the law by Canadian Government. By 1984, it rules that section 23 of the Charter limited the power of bill 101 to regulate the language of instruction.
What challenges to language minorities face
Language minorities face multiple challenges.
First, finding ways to continue talking in your first language can be hard. The majority of the population speaks the other language. It takes effort to speak your language.
Another challenge could be feeling normal. Going to school in a different language can be weird and make you feel different. Some may feel that they are losing their identity. Another challenge could be having to talk the other language outside of school and home, and having to be fluent in both languages.
What language and education rights do people have in Canada
Citizens of Canada:
(a) whose first language learned and still understood is that of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province in which they reside, or
(b) who have received their primary school instruction in Canada in English or French and reside in a province where the language in which they received that instruction is the language of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province,
have the right to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in that language in that province.
What are the religious reasons for schooling
The religious reasons for schooling were the following
The French came to Canada and they were Catholic
The British came to Canada and they were Protestant
Alberta Metis Settlement Accord
political agreement between Alberta and the Federation of Metis Settlement Associations which described both parties’ intentions to develop a new land-based governance model for the Metis Settlements.
