Topic 4 Flashcards
Define ecumene and nonecumene
Ecumene- parts of the earth that are suitable for permanent human settlement
Nonecumene- places that are not suitable for humans to live in
How much of the earth is suitable for human settlement
10%
3 physical factors that affect distribution and density and explain them
Climate- suitable climate for large human settlements (no extreme weather conditions)
Water- reliable water sources
Soil- fertile soil for agriculture
Relief- settlements usually develop on flat area and not mountains
Natural environment- natural harbours good for settlements on the coast
Resources- settlements develop where there are enough resources(coal fish & minerals)
Name 3 social factors that affect distribution and density and explain
Economy- developed economies attract people and can support them
Politics- stable political system
Cultural or social factors- some places have old tradition of human settlements
Transport and comms- good t&c attract people
Infrastructure-good infrastructure, such as water supply, sewage, waste removal can support large populations
Define population indicators
Different measurements that give us information about a country’s population characteristics
What fertility rate is the replacement level for a country
2,1
What is the fertility rate in Niger
7,19 (highest in the world)
What is the birth rate (BR)
Number of babies born per 1000 of the population per year
What is the death rate(DR)
Death per year per 1000 of the population
What is life expectancy (LE)
The average number of years a person can be expected to live
Infant mortality rate(IMR)
Infant deaths per 1000 live births
Number of babies per 1000 born alive who then die in the first 12 months after birth
Natural increase (NI)
Rate at which the country’s population is growing (excluding migration into or out country)
Fertility rate (FR)
Average number of children an average woman would have if she were to live till the end of her child bearing years
Literacy rate (LR)
Percentage of the total population who can read and write
GDP per capita
Gross Domestic Profit per person
Income of a country divided by the population of a country
Percentage of population urbanised
Percentage of total population living in towns and cities
Doubling time
Time in years that it will take a population to double
What type of economy would have higher birth rate, death rate, Lower literacy rate, life expectancy GDP and percentage population urbanised
Less wealthy country with lower weaker economy
What are the population indicators of wealthy and economically developed countries
Lower birth rate
Lower death rate
Longer life expectancy
Lower fertility rate
Lower IMR
Higher percentage of population urbanised
Higher GDP
Higher literacy rate
Give 3 factors that affect birth rates
Religion Migration Age of marrying Polygamy Medical care Contraception(availability) Education Political systems
3 factors that affect death rate
Medical care Famine War and conflict Natural disasters Spread of disease Hygiene and sanitation Diet and malnutrition
What is a population pyramid
A type of graph that shows a country’s population according to age groups and gender
What do population pyramids show us
Are there many young people
Are there few old people
Are there more older men than older women
Is the population expanding or shrinking
Has there been mass immigration or emigration
Explain the worlds issue of global population
Less developed areas contain 80% of the worlds population. Poorer parts of the world need to cater for more people with less resources at hand
Explain the worlds issues of water
The demand for water increasing as the population increases and developing technology. One third of the worlds population is living in areas with medium to high levels of water scarcity
Explain the worlds issue with croplands
As the population increases cropland deceases. It is very expensive to increase the food yield of the available land but it is not always possible.
Explain the worlds issues with forest cover
More than half of worlds original forests have disappeared
Explain the worlds issues with food
There is not a shortage of food but there is a problem with distribution and access to food
Explain the worlds issues with urbanisation
More and more people are living in towns and cities. Urban places are growing in developing countries, and with growing urbanisation it can lead to overcrowding and many informal settlements that lack infrastructure. It then leads to the deterioration of peoples standard of living
Explain the Malthusian theory on population growth
- The quantity of available resources limits population
- populations usually increase when there is an increase in available resources
- the factors that control population growth are either private such as birth control or destructive such as war and disease
Define sterilisation
A permanent form of contraception
Define contraception
Birth control
What is migration
Migration is the movement of people so that they can change their place of residence
What is international migration
Movement of people across a country’s borders- it can be short term or permanent
Emigration
Movement of people out of their home country into a new country
Immigration
The movement of people into a non native country
Regional migration
Movement of people within a region such as Southern Africa
Rural-urban migration
Movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities, often to find work
Urban-rural migration
Movement of people from cities to rural areas, aka counter migration
Urbanisation
The result of rural-urban migration, more and more people live in towns and cities
Forced migration
A person is forced to migrate, usually because of religious or political factors
Voluntary migration
A person chooses freely to migrate
Permanent migration
They change their place of residence for ever
Semi-permanent migration
When they change their place of residence for a certain period of time
Eg. For a year or two, for example teaching English in China
- Seasonal*, for example during the summer months to work on farms
- Daily*, for example by going to world
Globalisation
The intervention and connection of countries
