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Geography Exam Topic 4&5 > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ecumene and nonecumene

A

Ecumene- parts of the earth that are suitable for permanent human settlement

Nonecumene- places that are not suitable for humans to live in

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2
Q

How much of the earth is suitable for human settlement

A

10%

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3
Q

3 physical factors that affect distribution and density and explain them

A

Climate- suitable climate for large human settlements (no extreme weather conditions)

Water- reliable water sources

Soil- fertile soil for agriculture

Relief- settlements usually develop on flat area and not mountains

Natural environment- natural harbours good for settlements on the coast

Resources- settlements develop where there are enough resources(coal fish & minerals)

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4
Q

Name 3 social factors that affect distribution and density and explain

A

Economy- developed economies attract people and can support them

Politics- stable political system

Cultural or social factors- some places have old tradition of human settlements

Transport and comms- good t&c attract people

Infrastructure-good infrastructure, such as water supply, sewage, waste removal can support large populations

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5
Q

Define population indicators

A

Different measurements that give us information about a country’s population characteristics

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6
Q

What fertility rate is the replacement level for a country

A

2,1

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7
Q

What is the fertility rate in Niger

A

7,19 (highest in the world)

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8
Q

What is the birth rate (BR)

A

Number of babies born per 1000 of the population per year

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9
Q

What is the death rate(DR)

A

Death per year per 1000 of the population

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10
Q

What is life expectancy (LE)

A

The average number of years a person can be expected to live

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11
Q

Infant mortality rate(IMR)

A

Infant deaths per 1000 live births

Number of babies per 1000 born alive who then die in the first 12 months after birth

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12
Q

Natural increase (NI)

A

Rate at which the country’s population is growing (excluding migration into or out country)

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13
Q

Fertility rate (FR)

A

Average number of children an average woman would have if she were to live till the end of her child bearing years

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14
Q

Literacy rate (LR)

A

Percentage of the total population who can read and write

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15
Q

GDP per capita

A

Gross Domestic Profit per person

Income of a country divided by the population of a country

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16
Q

Percentage of population urbanised

A

Percentage of total population living in towns and cities

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17
Q

Doubling time

A

Time in years that it will take a population to double

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18
Q

What type of economy would have higher birth rate, death rate, Lower literacy rate, life expectancy GDP and percentage population urbanised

A

Less wealthy country with lower weaker economy

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19
Q

What are the population indicators of wealthy and economically developed countries

A

Lower birth rate

Lower death rate

Longer life expectancy

Lower fertility rate

Lower IMR

Higher percentage of population urbanised

Higher GDP

Higher literacy rate

20
Q

Give 3 factors that affect birth rates

A 
Religion 
Migration 
Age of marrying 
Polygamy 
Medical care 
Contraception(availability)
Education 
Political systems
21
Q

3 factors that affect death rate

A 
Medical care 
Famine 
War and conflict 
Natural disasters 
Spread of disease 
Hygiene and sanitation 
Diet and malnutrition
22
Q

What is a population pyramid

A

A type of graph that shows a country’s population according to age groups and gender

23
Q

What do population pyramids show us

A

Are there many young people
Are there few old people
Are there more older men than older women
Is the population expanding or shrinking
Has there been mass immigration or emigration

24
Q

Explain the worlds issue of global population

A

Less developed areas contain 80% of the worlds population. Poorer parts of the world need to cater for more people with less resources at hand

25
Q

Explain the worlds issues of water

A

The demand for water increasing as the population increases and developing technology. One third of the worlds population is living in areas with medium to high levels of water scarcity

26
Q

Explain the worlds issue with croplands

A

As the population increases cropland deceases. It is very expensive to increase the food yield of the available land but it is not always possible.

27
Q

Explain the worlds issues with forest cover

A

More than half of worlds original forests have disappeared

28
Q

Explain the worlds issues with food

A

There is not a shortage of food but there is a problem with distribution and access to food

29
Q

Explain the worlds issues with urbanisation

A

More and more people are living in towns and cities. Urban places are growing in developing countries, and with growing urbanisation it can lead to overcrowding and many informal settlements that lack infrastructure. It then leads to the deterioration of peoples standard of living

30
Q

Explain the Malthusian theory on population growth

A
  • The quantity of available resources limits population
  • populations usually increase when there is an increase in available resources
  • the factors that control population growth are either private such as birth control or destructive such as war and disease
31
Q

Define sterilisation

A

A permanent form of contraception

32
Q

Define contraception

A

Birth control

33
Q

What is migration

A

Migration is the movement of people so that they can change their place of residence

34
Q

What is international migration

A

Movement of people across a country’s borders- it can be short term or permanent

35
Q

Emigration

A

Movement of people out of their home country into a new country

36
Q

Immigration

A

The movement of people into a non native country

37
Q

Regional migration

A

Movement of people within a region such as Southern Africa

38
Q

Rural-urban migration

A

Movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities, often to find work

39
Q

Urban-rural migration

A

Movement of people from cities to rural areas, aka counter migration

40
Q

Urbanisation

A

The result of rural-urban migration, more and more people live in towns and cities

41
Q

Forced migration

A

A person is forced to migrate, usually because of religious or political factors

42
Q

Voluntary migration

A

A person chooses freely to migrate

43
Q

Permanent migration

A

They change their place of residence for ever

44
Q

Semi-permanent migration

A

When they change their place of residence for a certain period of time

Eg. For a year or two, for example teaching English in China

  • Seasonal*, for example during the summer months to work on farms
  • Daily*, for example by going to world
45
Q

Globalisation

A

The intervention and connection of countries

Geography Exam Topic 4&5 (2 decks)

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