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History: Topic 3 Society and Culture Change > Topic 3.2 Immigration > Flashcards

Topic 3.2 Immigration Flashcards

1
Q

What traditional view is represented by the Statue of Liberty?

A

America being very open/welcoming of immigrants

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2
Q

What was the USA’s immigration policy before restrictions were implemented?

A

An ‘open door’ policy with no restrictions

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3
Q

Which groups were specifically restricted by immigration acts?

A
  • Disabled people
  • Chinese people
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4
Q

What was the number of people entering the USA in 1907?

A

1.2 million

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5
Q

What percentage of immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe by 1907?

A

81%

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6
Q

What was the purpose of the Dillingham Commission?

A

To investigate the impact of immigration on the USA

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7
Q

When was the Dillingham Commission’s report published?

A

1911

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8
Q

What was the Dillingham Commission’s view on immigration?

A

It was a threat to US society and culture

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9
Q

What are the distinctions between old and new immigrants?

A
  • Old immigrants: established, accepted into society
  • New immigrants: seen as racially inferior
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10
Q

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?

A

Set limits on the number of immigrants

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11
Q

What was a major reason for implementing immigration legislation?

A

Anxiety about the number of immigrants

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12
Q

What organization encouraged opposition to newer immigrants?

A

The Immigration Restriction League

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13
Q

Who were considered ‘Undesirable’ immigrants?

A

Newer immigrants according to the Immigration Restriction League

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14
Q

What was a significant post-war sentiment in the USA regarding immigration?

A

Isolationism

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15
Q

What were some causes for the immigration legislation?

A
  • Red scares
  • Unemployment
  • Dillingham Commission findings
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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The number of immigrants entering the USA in 1882 was _______.

A

650,000

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17
Q

What term is often used to describe the USA due to its various immigrant nationalities?

A

Melting pot

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18
Q

How were urban areas typically organized in relation to immigrant communities?

A

Informally segregated sections

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19
Q

What types of establishments were common in immigrant neighborhoods?

A
  • Shops
  • Churches
  • Local newspapers
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20
Q

How did the importance of the ‘old country’ and traditions change over time?

A

Became less important

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21
Q

How many foreign language newspapers were published in the USA in 1948?

A

1,300

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22
Q

How many foreign language newspapers were published in the USA by the 1960s?

A

75

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23
Q

Why were immigrant children not listed as foreign-born in population statistics?

A

They were born in the USA

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24
Q

What did many immigrant parents encourage their children to pursue?

A
  • Education
  • Hard work
  • Improved lives
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25
Where did the heaviest arrivals of immigrants typically end up in urban areas?
Bottom of areas with the worst jobs, lowest wages, and worst living conditions
26
By 1920, which immigrant groups had examples in Boston and New York?
* Irish politicians, lawyers, and policemen in Boston * Italian politicians in New York
27
What was important for immigrants to improve their social standing?
Contracts
28
How did immigrants influence politics in the USA?
They voted in local, state, and federal elections
29
Which political figure did immigrants support during the Great Depression?
Roosevelt
30
True or False: Republican politics were easier for immigrants.
False
31
What percentage of Americans of Italian nationality were classed as enemy aliens during WW2?
14.2% ## Footnote This classification included those of German and Japanese nationality as well.
32
What was the percentage of total Americans of Japanese nationality, classed as enemy aliens during WW2
<1% ## Footnote This group faced the harshest treatment during the war.
33
How many Japanese Americans were set up in internment camps during WW2?
About 120,000 ## Footnote This was a significant response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
34
What percentage of Italian and German immigrants were interned during WW2?
Fewer than 1% ## Footnote This indicates a stark contrast in treatment compared to Japanese Americans.
35
What happened to business owners with Italian or German-sounding names during WW2?
Their windows were broken and customers avoided shopping there ## Footnote This reflects the growing animosity towards enemy immigrants.
36
Which second-generation group was allowed to join the army during WW2?
Second-generation Japanese men and women ## Footnote They served in segregated military units.
37
Who commanded the US Pacific fleet during WW2?
Admiral Chester Nimitz ## Footnote He was of German descent.
38
True or False: All Japanese Americans were interned during WW2.
False ## Footnote While many were interned, some second-generation individuals served in the military.
39
Fill in the blank: As the war progressed, attitudes towards _______ worsened.
enemy immigrants ## Footnote This change in attitude was marked by hostility and discrimination.
40
What did the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act still use?
Quotas ## Footnote The quota system was believed to have outlived its usefulness and prevented refugees.
41
Why did the USA want to help refugees during the Cold War?
To assist refugees from communism ## Footnote This led to the implementation of various refugee acts from 1953 onwards.
42
How many Cuban refugees did the USA accept from Castro’s Cuba?
200,000 ## Footnote Over the next three years, an additional 200,000 Cubans fled to the USA.
43
What program was established to deal with Cuban refugees?
Cuban Refugees Program ## Footnote This program was created to manage the influx of Cuban refugees.
44
What was the general sentiment towards the quota system after the 1960s?
More acceptance of European immigration ## Footnote European immigration to the USA slowed, leading to a shift in attitudes.
45
What book did Kennedy write about immigration?
Nation of Immigrants ## Footnote The book outlined the historical acceptance of waves of immigrants in the USA since 1607.
46
What was Kennedy working on at the time of his assassination?
A new immigration law to abolish quotas ## Footnote He had also published another book alongside this effort.
47
Who brought the immigration bill to Congress after Kennedy's death?
President Johnson ## Footnote The bill eventually became law in 1965.
48
Fill in the blank: The quota system was believed to prevent _______.
refugees
49
True or False: The USA accepted 200,000 Cuban refugees only after the Cold War.
False ## Footnote The acceptance occurred during the Cold War, specifically starting in 1959.
50
What is the largest source country for illegal immigrants in the USA during the 1970s?
Mexico
51
On average, how many illegal immigrants came from Mexico each year in the 1970s?
Over 60,000
52
Which states did most illegal immigrants settle in during the 1970s?
California and Texas
53
In the 1970s, how many jobs were created in Los Angeles?
About 645,000
54
What proportion of the jobs created in LA during the 1970s were taken by Mexicans?
About 1/3
55
What was the length of the US border that made tracking illegal immigrants difficult?
3,169 km
56
In 1980, how many illegal aliens were found, arrested, and deported?
About 1 million
57
Who often helped illegal immigrants evade detection?
Employers
58
Why were employers willing to help illegal immigrants?
They were happy to have cheap labor
59
What public perception developed regarding illegal immigrants?
They were seen as a significant problem
60
What challenges did illegal immigrants face once in the USA?
Exploitation, lack of help, healthcare, education for children, and unemployment benefits
61
Illegal immigrants also came from which other country besides Mexico?
The Philippines
62
Fill in the blank: Tracking illegal immigrants was _______ and became a public issue.
costly
63
True or False: The INS was successful in completely stopping illegal immigration.
False

History: Topic 3 Society and Culture Change (3 decks)

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