Topic 3.2 Chromosomes Flashcards
What type of chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
Prokaryotes have a single chromosome that consists of a single strand of circular DNA.
How many chromosomes does a prokaryotr have?
1 chromosome
Where are the chromosomes in a prokaryote located?
Nucleoid
What are plasmids?
Smaller circles of DNA in a prokaryote.
What are histones?
Proteins that organize the DNA in eukaryotes.
What is supercoiling?
Process that wraps DNA around histones in order to make the DNA more compact.
How many chromosomes in eukaryotes?
At least 2 or more chromosomes.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Copied chromosomes arranged in pairs. (Can be seen in metaphase I)
What are diploids?
Cells that have complete pairs of chromosomes in their nuclei. (2 chromosomes)
What are haploids?
Cells that have 1 chromosome per pair.
How are diploid cells created?
Diploid cells are created during meiosis.
How many chromosomes do homo-sapiens have?
46 chromosomes
What is autoradiography?
Process used to find the length of bacteria through a radioactive process.
How did John Cairn measure the length of E.coli?
Autoradiography
Do organisms have the same number of chromosomes?
No, the number of chromosomes varies depending on the organism.
Ex: Humans-46, Dogs-78, Rice- 24, Equine roundworm-2.
