Topic 3: Voice of the Genome

Question 1

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 1

• Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope, which contains many pores
• Contains chromatin and a structure called the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes

Question 2

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 2

Controls activities of the cell by controlling the transcription of DNA

Question 3

Describe the structure of the nucleolus

Answer 3

Darker region of nucleus that contains ribosomes and rRNA

Question 4

Describe the function of plasma membranes

Answer 4

To maintain internal environment by separating the organelle from the cytoplasm/the cell from other cells

Question 5

Describe the function of the nucleolus

Answer 5

Produces and assembles cells ribosomes and rRNA

Question 6

Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Interconnected membranous structures continuous with the nuclear membrane that appear studded due to the presence of ribosomes

Question 7

Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes

Question 8

Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Network of tubular membranous structures continuous with the RER

Question 9

Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Involved in the production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

Question 10

Describe the structure of a ribosome

Answer 10

A complex of rRNA and proteins

Question 11

Describe the function of a ribosome

Answer 11

Site of translation and protein synthesis

Question 12

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound cisternae

Question 13

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

Modifies proteins and lipids, then packages them into Golgi vesicles to be transported to required destination

Question 14

Describe the structure of a lysosome

Answer 14

Specialist vesicle containing digestive hydrolytic enzymes, surrounded by a membrane embedded with transport proteins

Question 15

Describe the function of a lysosome

Answer 15

Breaks down worn-out cell components and is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 16

Describe the structure of a mitochondrion

Answer 16

• Double-membraned oval organelle
• Inner membrane folded to form structures called cristae
• Matrix contains enzymes involved in aerobic respiration, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes

Question 17

Describe the function of a mitochondrion

Answer 17

Site of aerobic respiration and production of ATP

Question 18

Describe the structure of a centriole

Answer 18

Cylindrical structures made of protein microtubules

Question 19

Describe the structure of a centrosome

Answer 19

Two centrioles perpendicular to each other

Question 20

Describe the function of a centriole

Answer 20

Moves substances around inside the cell and is involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division