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OS > TOPIC 3- UPPER EXTREMITY II > Flashcards

TOPIC 3- UPPER EXTREMITY II Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sources of innervation of the skin of the anterior region of the forearm
medially and laterally

A

laterally – by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm which is continuation of the
musculocutaneous nerve
medially – by the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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2
Q

Name the sources of innervation of the skin of the posterior region of the forearm
medially, posteriorly and laterally.

A

Posteriorly - The posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm which is a branch of radial
nerve
Laterally - Posterior branch of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (continuation
of musculocutaneous nerve)
Medially – The posterior branch of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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3
Q

Name structures passing in subcutaneous tissue of anterior region of the forearm on
the medial (ulnar) side.

A

Basilic Vein

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4
Q

Name structures passing in subcutaneous tissue of anterior region of the forearm on
the lateral (radial) side.

A

Cephalic Vein

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5
Q

5lName structures passing in subcutaneous tissue of anterior region of the forearm
along midline.

A

Median Vein

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6
Q

State the fascial compartments of the forearm.

A

Superficial and Deep Fascia

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7
Q

How many layers of the muscles of the anterior region of the forearm do you know?

A

4 layers
The brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and flexor carpi
ulnaris lie from the lateral to the medial side and form first layer of muscles of the forearm. The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle forms the second layer. The third layer is formed by the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus. The fourth layer is formed by the pronator quadratus and present only in the inferior
third of the forearm.

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8
Q

By what is the radial sulcus formed in superior third of the forearm medially and
lateral

A

Medially – by the pronator teres
Laterally – by the brachioradialis muscle

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9
Q

By what is the radial sulcus formed in middle and inferior third of the forearm
medially and laterally?

A

Medially - by the flexor carpi radialis
Laterally – by the brachioradialis muscle

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10
Q

State syntopy of the structures neurovascular bundle passing along radial sulcus of
the forearm.

A

Brachioradialis muscle is lateral to radial nerve which is lateral to radial artery

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11
Q

State syntopy of the structures of the neurovascular bundle passing along ulnar
sulcus of the forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis is lateral to ulnar artery which is lateral to ulnar nerve

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12
Q

By what is the median sulcus in the inferior third of the fore¬arm limited medially
and laterally?

A

Medially – Flexor digitorum superficialis
Laterally – Flexor carpi radialis

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13
Q

Name structures of the neurovascular bundle passing along the median sulcus of
the forearm

A

Median nerve, (median artery, small branch of anterior interosseous artery and veins. (((((🚫 NOT SURE)))))

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14
Q

Between what median nerve and artery pass at superior third of the forearm?

A

Head of the pronator teres

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15
Q

Between what are median nerve and artery located at middle third of forearm
anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis anteriorly and flexor digitorum profundus posteriorly.

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16
Q

By what is the Pirogoff’s fat space limited posteriorly?

A

Muscles of the 4th layer (Pronator quadratus)

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17
Q

By what is the Pirogoff’s fat space limited anteriorly?

A

Muscles of the 3rd layer( Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis Longus)

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18
Q

18.Name sources of innervation of the dorsum of the hand

A

Radial nerve (superficial branch and dorsal digital branch)
Ulnar nerve (Posterior cutaneous branch and dorsal digital branch)

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19
Q

How many layers of the muscles of the posterior region of the forearm do you know?

A

Two layers-Superficial and Deep

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20
Q

Name structure which may be damaged in fracture of the neck of the radius.

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve

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21
Q

Name structure which lies on floor of “anatomical snuffbox”.

A

Radial artery Scaphoid and Trapezium

22
Q

By what is the carpal tunnel limited anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly – Flexor retinaculum
Posteriorly – Carpus (carpal bones)

23
Q

Name the syntopy of structures, locating into carpal tunnel.

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are medial to median nerve
which is medial to flexor pollicis longus.

24
Q

By compression of what is the carpal tunnel syndrome produced?

A

Median Nerve

25
Q

By what is the ulnar carpal tunnel limited?

A

It is a tunnel formed between the pisiform(carpal bone) and splitting of flexor retinaculum

26
Q

Name parts of the region of the hand

A

Wrist, metacarpus and fingers (digiti)

27
Q

Name sources of innervation of the skin of the palm of the hand.

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve
Palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve

28
Q

What structures are projected on distal (transverse) crease of the palm of the hand

A

Digital synovial sheath 🚫(NOT SURE)

29
Q

What structures are projected on proximal (transverse) crease of the palm of the
hand

A

Superficial arch proximal end and the synovial sheath (🚫 NOT SURE)

30
Q

What structure is projected on crease of thenar (longitudinal)?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (NOT SURE)

31
Q

What structure which may be damaged in “dangerous zone” of the hand?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve which causes lesion function of flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis

32
Q

Name place of attachment of the medial fibrous septum of the palmar aponeurosis.

A

It passes backward and is attached to the anterior border of fifth metacarpal bone

33
Q

Name place of attachment of the lateral fibrous septum of the palmar aponeurosis.

A

It passes anterior to adductor pollicis muscle and is attached to III metacarpal bone

34
Q

State structures which occupy the commissural space of the palm of the hand

A

Palmar digital arteries and nerves

35
Q

With what is the subaponeurotic fat slit of the midpalmar space along digital vessels
and nerves communicated?

A

Commissural Space

36
Q

Through what does the subaponeurotic fat slit of the midpalmar space along vessels
and nerves communicates with subcutaneous tissue?

A

Proximally - Piragoff’s space – fat space of the forearm
Distally - fat of dorsum surface III, IV and V fingers along the lumbrical canal

37
Q

Name the fascial spaces of the palm of the hand.

A

Midpalmar fascial space
Thenar fascial space

38
Q

Name fat spaces of the palm of the hand.

A

Thenar contains lateral palmar fat space, hypothenar contains medial palmar fat space,
midpalmar space contains middle fat space

39
Q

By what is the middle fat space of the palm limited anteriorly, posteriorly, medially
and laterally?

A

Laterally and medially - fibrous septa- laterally and medially
Anteriorly - Palmar aponeurosis- anteriorly and by deep layer of deep fascia (interosseal fascia)

40
Q

Name slits composing middle fat space of the palm.

A

superficial and deep slits

41
Q

Between what is the superficial or subaponeurotic fat slit located?

A

Between palmar aponeurosis and tendons of flexor muscles surrounded by ulnar bursa

42
Q

Between what is the deep or subtendinous fat slit located?

A

Between tendons of flexor muscles surrounding of ulnar bursa and interosseal fascia.

43
Q

Through what is the subtendineal fat slit of midpalmar space proximally
communicates with Pirogoff’s fat space of the forearm?

A

Carpal tunnel

44
Q

By what is the osteofibrous tunnel of the finger formed?

A

I have tried find this answer out yourself 😌😂😂😂… I’m just kidding, when I have time, I’ll search for it, 😉

(I Think it’s the tendon of the flexor pollicis Longus muscle)

45
Q

To what may the subfascial phlegmon of the dorsum of the hand spread proximally?

A

Extensor retinaculum

46
Q

Name the layers of the digital synovial sheath?

A

Parietal and Visceral

47
Q

What structure pass at place passage parietal layer in visceral layer of synovial
sheath and contain vessels?

A

Mesotendon( blood vessels from periosteum of phalanges to the tendons)

48
Q

What structures may be damaged in “U-shaped phlegmon” of the hand?

A

Medial ( ulnar ) bursa, radial bursa, 1 and 5 synovial sheath

49
Q

By anastomosis of what is the superficial arterial arch formed?

A

Ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery

50
Q

By anastomosis of what is the deep arterial arch formed?

A

Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery with radial artery

OS (2 decks)

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