Topic 3 - The Fight for Civil Rights 1941-70

Question 1

Mexico City Olympics

Answer 1

Tommie Smith and John Carlos were both Black Panther members
During the medal ceremony, they both wore a single black glove in a clenched fist salute
This gave international publicity for the Black Panthers

Question 2

Black Americans in the war effort

Answer 2

Segregated on the front lines in the Jim Crowe army
2M black people worked in war factories for the home front in 1944

Question 3

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 3

Leading spokesperson for the Black Power movement which emerged out of frustration about poverty and unemployment
Became chairman for SNCC
Adopted the slogan ‘black is beautiful’
Joined the Black Panthers

Question 4

SNCC stood for _______

Answer 4

Student Non-Violent Committee

Question 5

March on Washington

Answer 5

At the Lincoln Memorial - 1963
‘I have a dream’ speech was delivered to over 250k
Put pressure on Kennedy to draft legislation ==> The Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964

Question 6

Freedom Rides

Answer 6

1961
CORE members deliberately rode under bus companies ignoring the law ban
Washington to New Orleans
In Alabama, buses were burnt
70k involved, 3k arrested

Question 7

Brown Vs. Topeka (+ date)

Answer 7

1954
Linda Brown wanted to move to a school closer to her home, but was denied by the state court as it was an all white school
The case was taken to supreme court and ruled unconstitutional
However southern states ignored the ruling due to the supreme court having no power to impost the decision

Question 8

Martin Luther King beliefs and methods

Answer 8

He believed in non-violent, civil disobedience
Methods included: sit-ins, boycotts, freedom rides and marches

Question 9

Malcolm X

Answer 9

His father was murdered by white supremacists
He rejected Martin Luther King’s peaceful methods and wanted a separate black nation
He encouraged self esteem of black Americans and these ideas formed the foundation of the Black Power and Panther movements

Question 10

Name 3 examples of Civil Rights legislation

Answer 10

Civil Rights Act: (1964)
- Racial discrimination in employment was banned
- Black Students were given equal rights to all public spaces

Voting Rights Act: (1965)
- Stopped racial discrimination over voting rights
- Ended literacy tests

Fair Housing Act: (1968)
- It was made illegal to racially discriminate in property marketing

Question 11

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 11

1955-56
Montgomery black Americans were forced to sit at the back of the bus - Rosa Parks refused and was subsequently arrested
The Montgomery Improvement Act (MIA) was set up by Martin Luther King and Supreme Court made the bus laws illegal

Question 12

James Meredith

Answer 12

1962
The Supreme Court upheld the decision to force Mississippi to accept him
Meredith was prevented from registration by the Governor of Mississippi
Riots broke out and Kennedy sent 2k troops to restore order
300 troops remained to protect him until he graduated in 1962

Question 13

Little Rock

Answer 13

1957
9 black students entered Central High School in Little Rock
The Governor of Arkansas sent national guardsmen to surround them in order to prevent them from entering
President Eisenhower sent 1k troops to protect the students

Question 14

CORE stood for _________

Answer 14

Congress of Racial Equality

Question 15

NAACP stood for _________

Answer 15

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People