Topic 3 Test Review Flashcards
parasitism
one species benefits (parasite) and other is harmed (host)
commensalism
one species benefits and other is unaffected
mutualism
both species benefit from relationship
parasitism example
tongue eater, sea lice, or tape worms
commensalism example
barnacle on whale or remora on shark
mutualism example
zooxanthellae or coral-polyps
coralpolyps
animal
zooxanthellae
plant that lives inside the skin
what does the coral-polyp get from the zooxanthellae
the waste from zooxanthellae as food and oxygen
what does the zooxanthellae get from the coral-polyp
a place to live and food from waste
what does the zooxanthellae absorb from the coral-polyp
CO2
endoparasites
inside/internal (tape worms and whales)
ectoparasites
outside/external (salmon and sea lice)
impacts of photosynthesis
sunlight, light intensity, temperature, amount of nutrients (nitrogen)
chemosynthesis
no sunlight, heat and chemicals -> glucose & sulfur
example of and organism that goes through chemosynthesis
chemosynthetic bacteria
where does chemosynthesis take place
hydrothermal vents
how is energy lost
90% gets lost and 10% gets transferred lost by respiration through heat transferred to the next consumer
how nutrients are replenished
surface layer of ocean, runoff, atmospheric dissolution, decomposition, volcanic eruption, and upwelling
keystone species
organisms that are going to impact multiple other organisms in the food web
niche
organisms role in ecosystem
generalized niche
eats lots of things
specialized niche
eats one thing
carbohydrates smaller molecules
glucose make up starch + cellulose
lipids smaller molecules
fatty acid and glycerol
protein smaller molecules
amino acid
carbohydrates chemical elements
C, H, O
lipids chemical elements
C, H, O
proteins chemical elements
C, H, O, N (sometimes S and P)
nitrogen (nutrient)
proteins + DNA (uses)
carbon (nutrient)
proteins, DNA, carbs, sugar, glucose, lipids, fat, oil
magnesium (nutrient)
to make chlorophyll (uses)
calcium (nutrient)
bones, shells and coral skeletons (uses)
phosphorus (nutrient)
DNA, bones, ATP, phospholipid bilayers (uses)
parasites effect on fish
-frayed fins (harder swimming)
-gill hyperplasia (injured lungs)
-epidermal damage
-damage to eyes
anemone receives food
boxer crab uses anemone as protection
herbivore
consumes producers
carnivore
consumes animals
omnivore
consumes both producers and animals
decomposer
breaks down dead decaying organic matter so it can return to the food chain/web
are parasites predators?
no, this is because a parasite isn’t hunting or consuming its host
food chain
one linear feeding interaction; singular feeding relationships
food web
multiple food chains
trophic level
feeding level in a food chain/web
role of photosynthesis in ecosystem
plant takes inorganic substances and turns to organic
example of photosynthesis
dolphin can’t eat magnesium so plant turns into something dolphin can eat
harvesting
impacts nutrient cycle by causing it to be less nutrient
