Topic 3: Spanish Patriotism

Question 1

For ____, the love of common liberty enabled citizens to see their private and particular interests as part of the common good and helped them to resist corruption and tyranny. To love is to be willing to sacrifice one’s own good – including one’s life — for the protection of common liberty.

Answer 1

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 2

For ___, freedom is equated not with the fight against political oppression but with the preservation of a unique people and patriotic sacrifice with the desire to secure the long-term survival of the nation.

Answer 2

Johann Gottfried von Herder

Question 3

It emphasizes a unity of cultural part with the inclusion of language and heritage.

Answer 3

Nationalism

Question 4

It is based on love towards people with a greater emphasis on values and beliefs.

Answer 4

Patriotism

Question 5

Nationalism vs. Patriotism

Answer 5

Nationalism emphasizes a unity of cultural past with inclusion of the language and heritage, while patriotism is based on love towards people with a greater emphasis on values and beliefs.

Question 6

___ makes an explanation regarding patriotism saying that it is a belonging to a specific place and way of life without a wish of pushing other people.

Answer 6

Orwell (1945)

Question 7

It refers to the loyalty and love for Spain as the colonizing power.

Answer 7

Spanish Patriotism

Question 8

The Spanish authorities implemented various policies and cultural influences in the colonies, including the Philippines, with the aim of promoting Spanish culture, religion, and values. These actions were often driven by a sense of ____, where the Spanish rulers sought to strengthen their control over the colonies and assimilate the local population into Spanish culture and governance.

Answer 8

Spanish Patriotism

Question 9

Patriotism was seen in the lenses of: (3)

Answer 9

1. Commoners - ordinary people, often peasants, laborers, and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
2. Ilustrados - an educated class of Filipinos during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines.
3. Spaniards - colonial rulers and administrators who held power during the Spanish colonial period.

Question 10

In the context of ambivalence and survival, how was patriotism viewed by commoners?

Answer 10

Commoners were often consumed by the struggle for survival - this made them less engaged with broader political debates. They were more focused on providing for their families and communities.

Question 11

What was patriotism for the commoners?

Answer 11

For commoners, patriotism often meant a love for their homeland, a sense of belonging to their community, and, in some cases, a desire for basic rights and improvements in their living conditions. Their patriotism could manifest as loyalty to their local communities and a yearning for better economic and social conditions.

Question 12

In the context of resistance and adaptation, how was patriotism in the lens of commoners?

Answer 12

Their resistance and adaptation could have involved converting to Christianity, participating in economic activities like farming and trading, or seeking to collaborate with local and colonial authorities to secure their livelihoods.

Question 13

In the context of economic factors, how was patriotism viewed by commoners?

Answer 13

Economic considerations, such as access to trade opportunities and economic stability, influenced commoners’ alignment with or detachment from Spanish patriotism.

Question 14

What was the reason why, for commoners, their patriotism was more grounded in local and immediate concerns?

Answer 14

Commoners did not have the same access to education and political influence as the ilustrados.

Question 15

How did the commoners express their loyalty to Spain?

Answer 15

1. Many commoners in the Philippines embraced Christianity, which was introduced by Spanish missionaries.
2. They paid taxes and fulfilled labor obligations as required by the colonial government.
3. Commoners adopted aspects of Spanish culture, such as clothing, language, and some customs.
4. In some cases, commoners were appointed or elected to local leadership positions within the colonial administration, such as barangay leaders or gobernadorcillos.

Question 16

What influenced the way ilustrados viewed patriotism?

Answer 16

The ilustrados were typically well-educated, often studying abroad, that’s why their view of patriotism was more cosmopolitan. They sought political and social reforms and were influenced by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Question 17

What was the ilustrados’ role in the intellectual development of Filipino nationalism?

Answer 17

The ilustrados believed in using knowledge and education to drive change in the Philippines. They were instrumental in advocating for Filipino rights and autonomy within the framework of the Spanish colonial system.

Question 18

How did the ilustrados express their loyalty to Spain?

Answer 18

They expressed it through cultural and literary means.

1. They wrote poems, essays, and novels that often praised Spain and its contributions to Philippine society.
2. They often incorporated Spanish artistic styles and themes in their works, showcasing their appreciation for Spanish culture and their desire to align with it.
3. They celebrated Spanish festivals, attended church events, and engaged in activities that demonstrated their connection to the Spanish way of life.
4. Ilustrados advocated for education and the use of the Spanish language.
5. Some ilustrados held positions within the colonial government and bureaucracy.

Question 19

In the context of cultural and religious missions, how did the Spaniards view patriotism?

Answer 19

They believed in the civilizing mission of Spain and sought to “hispanize” the local populations. They spread the Spanish culture, language, and Catholicism to the indigenous peoples of the Philippines.

Question 20

How did the Spaniards maintain the Spanish identity?

Answer 20

They established Spanish communities and institutions that mirrored those in Spain.

Question 21

How did the Spaniards express their loyalty to Spain?

Answer 21

1. Many Spaniards held positions within the colonial government and bureaucracy.
2. They were responsible for protecting Spanish territories, suppressing rebellions, and ensuring the stability of the colonial regime.
3. They built churches, established schools, and supported missionary activities to further the influence of Spanish culture and the Catholic faith.
4. They profited from trade, agriculture, and mining, and their economic success contributed to the wealth of the Spanish Crown.
5. Spaniards in the Philippines celebrated Spanish festivals and traditions, such as local variations of Spanish holidays and cultural events.
6. Spaniards, along with local colonial forces, actively suppressed rebellions and uprisings by indigenous Filipinos and other groups that challenged Spanish rule.

Question 22

What was patriotism in the lens of Spaniards?

Answer 22

The Spaniards were the rulers and administrators during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. From their perspective, patriotism often meant loyalty to the Spanish Crown and the maintenance of Spanish colonial rule.

Question 23

What were the positive impacts of the Spanish influence? (6)

Answer 23

1. Christianity and Education - through spreading religious practices and beliefs, establishing churches and introducing formal education as schools and universities were founded.
2. Language - many Spanish loanwords are integrated into modern Filipino languages; Tagalog and other Philippine languages contain numerous Spanish-derived terms.
3. Architecture and Urban Planning - Spanish-style churches, forts, and colonial buildings were constructed, blending European design with local materials and traditions.
4. Economic Trade - the Spanish established trade connections between the Philippines and other parts of the Spanish Empire (Mexico and Spain). For example, the Galleon Trade.
5. Legal and Administrative Systems - the Spanish introduced the encomienda system, which governed land distribution and labor, and the Spanish legal code.
6. Agricultural and Culinary Influence - the Spanish brought new crops to the Philippines (fruits, vegetables, and spices) and introduced European farming practices; introduced the use of ingredients like tomatoes, garlic, and saffron; influenced the creation of dishes such as adobo, paella, and lechon.

Question 24

What are some of the negative impacts influenced by the Spanish?

Answer 24

1. Forced Conversion and Cultural Suppression - Spanish colonizers imposed Christianity on the indigenous population, often through force and coercion, leading to the suppression of indigenous beliefs, practices, and languages.
2. Encomienda System and Forced Labor - indigenous Filipinos were required to work on Spanish-owned estates or in mines.
3. Violence and Uprisings - indigenous Filipinos resisted colonial oppression, resulting in brutal suppression by Spanish authorities.
4. Economic Exploitation - the Galleon Trade, for example, funneled wealth from the Philippines to the Spanish Crown; trade monopolies established by the Spanish benefited Spain more than the Philippines.
5. Education Access Limited - education was only accessible to the elite and those who could afford it.

Question 25

The legacy of ____ includes his fearless critique of Spanish colonialism. His writings and advocacy exposed the inequalities and oppressive policies mandated by the Spaniards.

Answer 25

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

Question 26

Through ____, a work by Rizal, the corruption, injustice, and oppressive practices of the Spanish friars and civil officials in the Philippines were exposed. It highlighted issues of forced labor, taxation, and the abuse of power by the colonial elite.

Answer 26

Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)

Question 27

In Chapter ____, Rizal highlights the exploitation of the native Rizal highlighted the exploitation of the native population by the friars through various practices, including the sale of religious population by the friars through various practices, including the sale of religious sacraments.

Answer 27

15: The Sacristan

Question 28

What did Rizal write in Chapter 15: The Sacristan in Noli Me Tangere?

Answer 28

“In the town, where there was no competition, they increased the fees at will, and when any native, scandalized by their avarice, complained, they accused and when any native, scandalized by their avarice, complained, they accused him of heresy.”

Question 29

This novel delves deeper into themes of social inequality, exploitation, and the failure of the colonial government to address the grievances of the Filipino people.

Answer 29

El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed)