Topic 3: Peace and Conflict 446 - 431 Flashcards

1
Q

Thirty years peace -
446 BC

Thucydides

A
  • Each tribe kept their allies once the treaty ended.
  • Athens had to give up lots of land it recently obtained.
  • Revoke the Megaian decree and give Aegina independace
  • # If any ally revolted it would break the teaty
  • Any neutral state could ally itself with either alliance
  • They could settle desputes through arbitration without war
  • Argos was excluded from the peace treaty and was at peace with Athens.
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2
Q

Samos and Miletus

Thucydides and Plutach

A
  • Part of the Delian league, Miletus asked Athens for help so they overthrew Samos oligrrachy and replaced with democracy.
  • The Samian leaders asked to the Pesian satrap for help and they pushed the Athenian leaders out.
  • Athens fougbt back and after 9 months the Samians surrendered. They were forced to hand their navy to Athens and oay them tribute.
  • Athens took 50 boys and 50 men as hostages
  • Plutarch doesnt believe that Pericles treated the Captains that way as it was porbably exaggerated to make Athens look bad.
  • Plutarch is more eliable as he doesnt blindly beleive what is written by others, and was influenced by Thucydides.
  • This resulted in tention between Athens and Sparta who tried to stat a war but were stopped by th ePelopponesian league.
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3
Q

Epidamnus and Cocyra

Thycydides

A
  • In 435 Epidamnus asked corcyra for help and refused, so they asked Corinth who accepted.
  • They wanted to gain influence in Corcyra.
  • Corinth sent them militay forces leading to a seige and the battle of Leucimme.
  • Corcyra were a potential ally for Athens as it had 120 ships and it was neutral.
  • Corinth argued that they couldnt ally with Athens as it was in revolt.
  • Corinth had given Athens 20 ships and prpevented the Pelop league from helping Samos.
  • In the end Athens allied themaleves with Corcyra and in 433 the Corinthians attacked them.
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4
Q

Potideae

Thucydides

A
  • It was in awkwad position as it was a su bject state of Athens but also a Corinthian colony.
  • Athens’ 4 demands were pull down the fortifications
  • Send hostages to Atheens
  • Banish Corinthian magistrates adn refuse to recieve those who wee send out annually to replace Corinth.
  • In response, Sparta agreed to invade Attica uf Potidaea was attacked by Athens.
  • In the edn they didnt wnat a war with Athens so when Potidaea revolted the Corimthians sent an amy to support which loed to a three year seige.
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5
Q

Megara

All/Thucydides.

A
  • Issues arise from the Megarian decee, which banned Megarians from using Athenian ports and agora’s. This did significant damage to Megara’s economy.
  • 4 reasons for the Megarian decee were that it was to deter any other states from helping Athens’ enemies, since Megara had sent 8 ships to help Corinth against Athens.
  • That they had killed an envoy which was a serious religious crime.
  • To distract Athenians attention away from Pericles’ friends’ trial for embezzlement.
  • Some blamed Pericles’ mistess for passing the decree.
  • Thucydides suggests this tention may have been a significant cause for the Pelopponesian war.
  • He also claims that it was a majo bsource ofcinflict with Sparta.
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6
Q

Aegina and Ambracian Gulf

A
  • Aegina was allied with Athens but not given the independance promised from the treaty.
  • Thucydides says that they had a considerable pat in fomenting the war behind the scenes.
  • Conflict was also taking place in the Ambracain Gulf between three groups:
  • The Ambracians
  • The Amphilochians
  • And the Acarnanians.
  • They appealed to Athens for help and they agreed, meaning that they wee yet again interfeing with Corinthian affairs.
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7
Q

Spartan decision to go to war

Thucydides

A
  • Thucydides blames Corinth for the increase in tention due to the Corinthian Complaint.
  • In this the Corinthians accused Sparta of not listening to their grievences and instead suspecting them.
  • The Corinthians warned Sparta that they had knowledge of the Athenian methods of attack.
  • The Corinthians seem to be trying to warn and intimidate Sparta with their knowledge.
  • Athens responds by sayin that Spatans way of life doesnt mix well with the way of othes even if they did take the Athenian empire.
  • King Archidamus ii worried that they didnt have enough money or resources.
  • But if they waited Athens would only grow stronger.
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8
Q

Athenian decision to go to war.

A
  • Sparta offeed one last time to not go to wa if Athens gave the greeks thei freedom.
  • But this would mean giving up their source of wealth and trade and go against the terms of the original 30 year peace treaty.
  • Acting under the advice of Pericles, Athens rejected thi final offe which made war inevitable.
  • Pericles said that Sparta didnt use arbitation, instead settling complaints by war.
  • It was insulting that they ordeed Athenes to give up their empire.
  • Pericles argued that if the poeple firmly declared war that they would be heroic and brave rather than seemingly fearful.
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9
Q

Sources

A

*THUCYDIDES - After 9 months the Samians surrendered and pulled down their walls”
* THUCYDIDES - Corinth complained thatt by “helping Corcyra they would be making war on Corinth” they cant make an alliance just because they revolted.
* THUCYDIDES - “This gave Corinth its first cause for wa against Athens.
* THUCYDIDES - “What had been done so fa had been done on the private initiative of Corinth.” - aboutb Potidaea.
* ARISTOPHANES ACHARNIANS - Perincles’ mistress.
* THYCIDIDES - “Wa could be avoided if they revolked the Megarian decree”
* THUCYDIDES - “Corinth used Aegina to accuse Athens of breaking the treaty.”

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