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Physics > topic 3 - particle model of matter > Flashcards

topic 3 - particle model of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

A
  • particles are very close together
  • particles arranged in a regular pattern
  • particles vibrate but do not move from place to place
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2
Q

what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

A
  • particles close together
  • particles not arranged in a regular pattern
  • particles can move around each other
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3
Q

what is the arrangement of particles in gases?

A
  • particles are very far apart
  • particles are not arranged in any pattern
  • in a gas, particles are moving very rapidly
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4
Q

what is the density of a material?

A

mass / volume

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5
Q

describe how to determine the densities of regular solid objects

A
  • determine the mass using a balance
  • to work out the volume of the cube, we use a ruler to measure the length of the side
  • the volume equals the length of the side cubed
  • put the numbers into the equation mass/volume
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6
Q

determine how to determine the densities of irregular solid objects?

A
  • find the mass of the object using a balance
  • fill a Eureka can with water
  • place the object into the water. This will cause water to be displaced and flow out of the can through the spout
  • measure the volume of water displaced. this volume is the same as the volume of the object
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7
Q

what is potential energy?

A
  • intermolecular forces and chemical bonds
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8
Q

what is internal energy?

A
  • the energy stored in a system by the particles
  • the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
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9
Q

what is condensation?

A

gas -> liquid

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10
Q

what is sublimation?

A
  • when a solid turns directly to a gas
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11
Q

what is sublimation?

A
  • when a solid turns directly to a gas
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12
Q

what occurs to the mass when a change of state takes place?

A
  • mass is always conserved
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13
Q

what happens if we reverse the change of state?

A
  • the material recovers its original properties
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14
Q

what is evaporation?

A
  • when a liquid turns to a gas but only on the surface of a liquid
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15
Q

what is the specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1°C

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16
Q

what is the specific latent heat?

A
  • the amount of energy required to change the state 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature
17
Q

how many joules does it take to melt 1kg of ice?

A

334 000 J of energy

18
Q

what is specific latent heat of fusion?

A
  • the energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature
19
Q

what is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A
  • the energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature
20
Q

what is the equation to find the energy needed for a change of state?

A

mass x specific latent heat

E = m x L

21
Q

what is the pressure of a gas determined by?

A
  • the particles colliding with the walls of the container that the gas is held in
22
Q

how do you increase the pressure of a gas?

A
  • increase the number of collisions per second
  • increase the energy of each collision
23
Q

what is the low temperature of gas determined by?

A
  • at low temperatures, particles have low kinetic energy
  • there are fewer collisions per second
  • these are lower-energy collisions
    -> low pressure
24
Q

what is the high temperature of gas determined by?

A
  • at high temperatures, particles have higher kinetic energy
  • there are more collisions per second
  • these are higher energy collisions
    ->high pressure
25
Q

what do particle collisions cause?

A

a force which acts at right angles to the walls of the gas container

26
Q

what is the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the volume?

A
  • inversely proportional

PV = constant
- this equation is only true if the temperature is kept constant

27
Q

what is work?

A
  • the transfer of energy by a force
28
Q

what is the effect of applying force to gas?

A
  • energy is transferred to the gas particles
  • because the kinetic energy increases, the temperature of the gas increases

Physics (8 decks)

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