Topic 3 - Part 1 Flashcards
What are two products the body transforms glucose into, to store it as energy?
Glycogen
Fat
Low CHO diets generate the production of ______ ?
Ketones Bodies
What are the AMDR for carbohydrates
45-65%
Which disaccharides are made of alpha glycosidic bonds ? Beta bonds ?
alpha: Maltose (glu + glu) and Sucrose (glu + fru)
Beta: lactose (glu + gala)
Place the following in order decreasing order of sweetness:
Maltose, Lactose, Fructose, Glucose, Sucrose
Fructose Sucrose Glucose Maltose Lactose
Amylose vs Amylopectine: What is the difference in their structure ?
Amylose: alpha(1-4) chain
Amylopectin: alpha(1-4) chain + alpha(1-6) branches
Which type of fiber binds cations? (soluble or insoluble)
Insoluble. It comes with a series of organic anions that will bind cations.
Which fiber forms a viscous gel? (soluble or insoluble)
Soluble
What does soluble fiber bind to ?
Cholesterol and bile acids
Which fiber is mostly fermented by the gut bacteria? (soluble or insoluble)
Soluble
Where does the pancreas release its pancreatic juice.
Into the pancreatic duct that goes into the duodenum.
What is the enzyme in the mouth used to digest carbohydrates?
Salivary amylase
What are 4 enzymes used to digest carbohydrates in the small intestine?
LUMEN: 1. Pancreatic amylase 2. Glucoamylase BRUSH BORDER: 3. Sucrase-Isomaltase 4. Lactase
In the case of lactose intolerance, what causes the flatulences and what are the flatulences composed of?
Lactose can not be digested in the small intestine because of the deficiency in the gene family Beta-galactocidase. Lactose moves to the colon where is it fermented by bacteria.
Flatulences are composed of methan, hydrogen and CO2
The breath test can be done to diagnose lactose intolerance. What does it look for?
The undigested lactose is fermented in the colon and one of the products is hydrogen, which can be reabsorbed in the body and be traced in the breath.
