Topic 3: infection and response

Question 1

what are pathogens?

Answer 1

microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

they can effect humans and animals

Question 2

what are communicable diseases?

Answer 2

diseases that can easily spread

Question 3

what are bacteria?

Answer 3

very small cells which can reproduce quickly inside your body

Question 4

how can bacteria harm you?

Answer 4

by producing toxins that damage your cells and tissue

Question 5

how can viruses harm you?

Answer 5

• they reproduce rapidly using a cells machinery

- the cell will then burst and they will all be released

Question 6

what are protists?

Answer 6

single-celled eukaryotes. some are parasites

Question 7

what forms does fungi come in?

Answer 7

they are single celled or have a body made up of hyphae that can grow and penetrate the human skin and the surface of plants causing disease they can also produce spores

Question 8

what are the ways pathogens can be spread?

Answer 8

1) WATER - some pathogens can be spread by drinking or bathing in dirty water
2) AIR - pathogens can be carried in the air and breathed in
3) DIRECT CONTACT - some pathogens can be picked by touching contaminated surfaces, including the skin

Question 9

what is salmonella and what does it cause?

Answer 9

• it is a bacteria disease that causes food poisoning
• infected people can suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
• the symptoms are caused by toxins
• you can get it by eating food that has been contaminated

Question 10

what is gonorrhea and what does it cause?

Answer 10

• it is an STD
• it is caused by bacteria
• a person with it will get pain when they urinate and a thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina
• you can use antibiotics to stop it spreading and should use barrier contraception

Question 11

what is measles and what does it cause?

Answer 11

• it is a viral disease spread by coughing
• symptoms are a red skin rash and signs of fever
• they can lead to lung infection (pneumonia) or a brain infection (encephalitis)
• most people get vaccinated against it

Question 12

what is HIV and what does it cause?

Answer 12

• HIV is a virus spread by sexual contact or by exchanging bodily fluids
• you can take antiretroviral drugs to stop it replicating
• the virus attacks the immune cells
• when the body’s immune system is badly damaged it is known as late HIV or AIDs

Question 13

what is tobacco mosaic virus and what does it cause?

Answer 13

• a virus that effects plants
• it causes leaves to become discoloured and a mosiac pattern
• this causes photosynthesis to not work so effects growth

Question 14

what is rose black spot?

Answer 14

• a fungus that causes purple or black spots to develope on leaves and they turn yellow and drop off
• this causes less photosynthesis effecting growth
• it spreads in water or by wind
• can be treated by using fungcides and by stripping a plant of its infected leaves

Question 15

what is malaria?

Answer 15

• a disease cause by protists
• mosquitoes are vectors that pick up malaria when they feed on an effected animal
• every time a mosquito feeds on an animal it passes it on by putting the protist in the blood vessels of the animal
• it causes fever and can be fatal
• it can be stopped by stopping mosquitoes breeding and people can be protected by insecticides and mosquito nets

Question 16

wher am i at

Answer 16

half through 48