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Biology > Topic 3-Genetics > Flashcards

Topic 3-Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle containing genetic material that controls the processes in the cells.

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2
Q

Haploid nucleus

A

A cell nucleus with half the normal number of chromosomes.

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3
Q

Diploid nucleus

A

A nucleus with a full set or two sets of chromosomes

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

A thread-like structure found in the nucleus , made up of dna and containing genes

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5
Q

How many genetically different sex cells does Melissa produce?

A

Four

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6
Q

What three things does meiosis result in

A
  • 4 genetically different sex cells
  • allowing variation to occur between individuals of the same species
  • two haploid cells fusing at fertilisation to restore the diploid number
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7
Q

Where is dna located and what does it form

A

Located in the nucleus and forms chromosomes

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8
Q

What is genetic material known as

A

DNA

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9
Q

Where are genes located and what are they code for

A

Genes are located on the chromosomes and are code for producing proteins

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10
Q

What does dna stand for

A

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

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11
Q

What are the four dna nucleotides

A

Guaine
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine

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12
Q

What are nucleotides made up of

A

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base

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13
Q

What are the complementary base pairings

A

Cytosine and guanine

Adenine and thymine

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14
Q

What are between the complementary base pairs

A

Hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

What do the two twisted dna strands form

A

Double stranded helix

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16
Q

Where will a gene always be found on a chromosome

A

Locus

17
Q

What is each variety of the same gene called

A

An allele

18
Q

What can an allele either be

A

Dominant or recessive

19
Q

What do each three letters in a gene represent

A

Amino acid

20
Q

Heterozygous

A

A pair of two different alleles

21
Q

Homozygous

A

A pair of the same alleles

22
Q

Genotype

A

The type of alleles present in an individual

23
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics of an individual

24
Q

An example of a phenotype

A

A colour (brown)

25
Q

An example of a genotype

A

Dominant/recessive alleles (Bb)

26
Q

What chromosome is gender determined by

A

The 23rd pair

27
Q

Where are sex chromosomes split by meiosis

A

The ovaries or testes

28
Q

Eggs in a female all have a what chromosome present

A

Single x

29
Q

Sperm in males have what chromosomes present

A

Single x
Or
Single 1/2

30
Q

When is biological gender determined

A

When a sperm and egg fuse to make a fertilised egg cell

31
Q

what does genetic variation happen as a result of

A

Mutations and sexual reproduction

32
Q

Who is genetic variation inherited from

A

Your biological parents

33
Q

What is data collected on genetic variation and how is it recorded

A

Discontinuous

Bar chart

Biology (1 decks)

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