Topic 3-Genetics Flashcards
(33 cards)
Nucleus
An organelle containing genetic material that controls the processes in the cells.
Haploid nucleus
A cell nucleus with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Diploid nucleus
A nucleus with a full set or two sets of chromosomes
Chromosome
A thread-like structure found in the nucleus , made up of dna and containing genes
How many genetically different sex cells does Melissa produce?
Four
What three things does meiosis result in
- 4 genetically different sex cells
- allowing variation to occur between individuals of the same species
- two haploid cells fusing at fertilisation to restore the diploid number
Where is dna located and what does it form
Located in the nucleus and forms chromosomes
What is genetic material known as
DNA
Where are genes located and what are they code for
Genes are located on the chromosomes and are code for producing proteins
What does dna stand for
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
What are the four dna nucleotides
Guaine
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
What are nucleotides made up of
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base
What are the complementary base pairings
Cytosine and guanine
Adenine and thymine
What are between the complementary base pairs
Hydrogen bonds
What do the two twisted dna strands form
Double stranded helix
Where will a gene always be found on a chromosome
Locus
What is each variety of the same gene called
An allele
What can an allele either be
Dominant or recessive
What do each three letters in a gene represent
Amino acid
Heterozygous
A pair of two different alleles
Homozygous
A pair of the same alleles
Genotype
The type of alleles present in an individual
Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an individual
An example of a phenotype
A colour (brown)
