Topic 3 - external factors - cultural & material dep. & racism in wider society Flashcards

Question

According to sewell, why do black students do worse than asian students?

Answer 1

* because of cultural differences in socialisation and attitudes to education * he sees it as while one group is being nurtured by MTV, the other is clocking up the educational hours * concludes to mainly black boys needing to have greater expectations placed on them to raise aspirations

Answer 2

accused of downplauong the impact of racism e.g. critical race theorists i.e. Gillborn 2008 = it is not peer pressire or absent fathers but institutional racism in the education system that systematically produces the failure of large number of black boys

Answer 3

Indian and Chinese pupils benefit from supportive families that have an ‘Asian work ethic’ and place a high value on education.

Answer 4

adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools.

Answer 5

respectful behaviour was expected from children at home, and this has a knock-on effect in school, since the parents will be more likely to be supportive of the behaviour policies in school.

Answer 6

16,000 pupils found that ethnic minority group pupils are more likely to aspire to go university than White pupils

Answer 7

* White w/c may have low aspirations/achievement due to lack of parental support. * She studied four schools and found that teachers reported low level behaviour in White WC students and blamed this on low levels of parental support and negative attitudes white w/c parents have. * EM parents however saw education as a ‘way up in society’.

Answer 8

street culture in white working-class areas can be brutal and so young people have to learn to withstand intimidation and intimidate others, so school becomes a place where the power games that young people engage in on the street are played out again.

Answer 9

to the underachievement of white working-class students who might bring these power games and thus disruption to their school making it hard for pupils to succeed. For example, e.g. more likely to start fights with their peers and have gaps in learning due to exclusions

Answer 10

Compensatory education

Answer 11

government education policies such as Operation HeadStart in the USA that seek to tackle cultural deprivation by providing extra support and funding

Answer 12

1. Chinese parents see education as a ‘family project’. They have high expectations and invest lots of time and money on their education 2. Asian parents view education as a type of capital that can transform their lives. Children are offered a lot of material support 3. African-Caribbean boys brought up by single mothers lack the discipline provided by fathers and may be attracted to gang culture which offers both status and brotherhood but tends to be anti-academic.

Answer 13

1. – (old study) children of first-generation immigrants experienced problems in the educational system such as linguistic deprivation. However, most BAME children are raised to speak English as their first language today, so this explanation is probably only valid for the children of recent immigrant groups (e.g. Eastern Europe). 2. Asian children especially those from Muslim backgrounds, are generally well-behaved at school and work hard because their parents bring them up to respect teachers. As a result, parents are generally supportive of school rules, policies and sanctions 3. high rates of lone parenthood and lack of positive male role model leads to underachievement in some ethnic minority students

Answer 14

1. CD theory ignores the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He argues that black Caribbean families are far from dysfunctional and provides girls with positive role models of strong independent women. **this is why black girls tend to be more successful than black boys in education.** 2. challenges Pryce’s view that black pupils fail because their culture is weak, and they lack self-esteem. He argues that black student's underachieve because of racism 3. CD as victim-blaming explanation. She argues that ethnic minority children are culturally different, not culturally deprived. They underachieve because schools are ethnocentric: biased in favour of white culture and against minorities.

Answer 15

* they claim this is an attempt to impose dominant white culture on children who already have their own culture. They propose alternatives: * **Multicultural education** – valuing minority cultures and including them in a curriculum. * **Anti-racist education** – challenging prejudice and discrimination in schools and wider society

Answer 16

* lacking the physical necessities that are seen as important or normal for life in today's society * W/C PEOPLE * a result of factors like substandard housing and low income.

Answer 17

* like inadequate housing and low income * Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low-income households, compared to a quarter of white children * EM are more almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared to whites. * EM households are around three times as likely to be homeless. Almost half of Bangladeshi and Pakistani workers earned under £7 per hour, compared to only a quarter of white British workers.

Answer 18

* shift work and Bangladeshi and Pakistani women are more likely than others to be engaged in low-paid homeworking. 1. Many live in economically depressed areas with high unemployment and low wage rates. 2. Cultural factors such as the tradition of purdah in some Muslim households, which prevents women from working outside the home. 3. A lack of language skills, foreign qualifications not being recognised by UK employers. These are more likely to affect arrived groups, many of whom are refugee and may even speak English. 4. Asylum seekers are not allowed to work 5. Racial discrimination in the labour market and housing market.

Answer 19

that the differences in achievement where Pakistani students do worse than Indian and White pupils can be explained in terms of these class differences

Answer 20

generally from better-off backgrounds - the EM group that’s most likely to attend private schools

Answer 21

1. MD does not completely override the influence of ethnicity. 2. For example, materially deprived Indian and Chinese students still do better than other ethnic groups (e.g. white) who are not materially deprived. 3. This can be seen where in 2011, 86% of Chinese girls who received FSM achieved 5 or more higher GCSE than 65% of white girls who were not receiving FSM. 4. This shows MD and social class does not completely override the influence of ethnicity. 5. Tariq Modood – children from low-income families do less well but the effects of low income were much less for other ethnic groups than for white students. So, ethnicity does matter in addition to class

Answer 22

: a system/beliefs that defines people as superior or inferior, and justifies their unequal treatment, based on biological differences e.g. skin colour. Individual racism refers to the prejudiced views and discriminatory behaviour of individuals. Racism

Answer 23

1. ‘discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic’ 2. Racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by EM. For example, in housing discrimination means that EM are more likely to be forced into substandard accommodation than white people of the same class

Answer 24

direct discrimination

Answer 25

al researched job applications and used very similar applications with ‘EM’ or ‘white’ names. They found – 1/16 ‘EM’ applications offered an interview, but 1/9 ‘white’ applications. why members of EM are more likely to face unemployment and low pay, and this in turn has a negative effect on their children’s educational prospects