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Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Physics > Topic 3 Conservation of Energy > Flashcards

Topic 3 Conservation of Energy Flashcards

1
Q

1 What is the unit for measuring energy?

A

joule

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2
Q

2 What is the name for energy stored in a hot object?

A

thermal/internal

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3
Q

3 How is energy transferred from hot objects to their surroundings?

A

by heating/convection/conduction/radiation/evaporation

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4
Q

4 Energy stored in petrol in a car is transferred to energy stored in the moving car. What are the names for these two energy stores?

A

chemical, kinetic

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5
Q

5 If 100J of energy is transferred into a machine, how much is transferred out?

A

100J

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6
Q

6 In what way is most wasted energy transferred?

A

by heating

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7
Q

7 When an object is moved to a higher position, what name is given to the energy that it then stores?

A

gravitational potential energy

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8
Q

8 What are the energy transfers when a ball bounces?

A

kinetic, strain/elastic potential, kinetic

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9
Q

9 What are the energy transfers when a moving car slows down?

A

kinetic ? thermal energy stored in the brakes/surroundings, energy transferred by forces

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10
Q

10 Name three different types of object or substance that store energy in chemicals.

A

food, fuel, batteries/cells

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11
Q

11 Name two ways in which a television transfers useful energy to its surroundings.

A

light, sound

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12
Q

12 Name one way in which a television transfers wasted energy to its surroundings.

A

by heating

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13
Q

13 In what way do most machines or processes transfer wasted energy to the surroundings?

A

by heating

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14
Q

14 Name two machines in which energy transferred by heating is useful energy.

A

any two sensible answers, such as cooker or fire

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15
Q

15 When a kettle boils water, the useful energy ends up stored as thermal energy in the hot water. Where does the wasted energy end up?

A

thermal energy in kettle/surroundings

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16
Q

16 When a moving car brakes and comes to a stop, where does all the kinetic energy it was storing eventually end up?

A

thermal energy in the surroundings

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17
Q

17 When a moving car hits a wall, what happens to the kinetic energy it was originally storing?

A

kinetic energy of crash fragments, transferred to surroundings by sound but all ends up as thermal energy in the surroundings

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18
Q

18 What does dissipated mean?

A

spread out

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19
Q

19 Which wastes more energy: a more efficient machine or a less efficient machine?

A

less efficient

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20
Q

20 What happens to the particles in a solid when the solid gets warmer?

A

vibrate more

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21
Q

21 One end of a metal bar is heated. What is the name for the way energy is transferred along the bar?

A

conduction

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22
Q

22 What kind of materials are good thermal conductors?

A

metals

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23
Q

23 Name two materials that are good thermal insulators.

A

any two from wood, plastic, wool, etc.

24
Q

24 What is the name for the way in which energy is transferred in a fluid

A

Convection

25
Q

25 What causes a convection current?

A

part of the fluid being hotter than the rest/warm fluid rises

26
Q

26 Materials that contain trapped air are good insulators. Why does the air need to be trapped?

A

so it cannot transfer energy by convection

27
Q

27 How does warmth from the Sun reach the Earth?

28
Q

28 Will a black car or a white car get hotter on a sunny day?

29
Q

29 Name one thing a homeowner can do to reduce the money they spend on heating.

A

any from insulate loft, fit double glazing etc.

30
Q

30 What is the unit for measuring energy?

31
Q

31 What is the name for energy stored in an object because it is in a high position?

A

gravitational potential energy

32
Q

32 What is the name for energy stored in a moving object?

A

kinetic energy

33
Q

33 How many grams are there in a kilogram?

34
Q

34 What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

total energy stays the same, or energy cannot be created or destroyed .

35
Q

35 A ball has 5J of gravitational potential energy before it is dropped. How much kinetic energy is it storing the moment before it hits the floor ? 0J, less than 5J, 5J, more than 5J?

36
Q

36 How can you increase the gravitational potential energy stored in a box?

A

move it up, away from the Earth

37
Q

37 Name a store of chemical energy.

A

any from coal, oil, natural gas, food, batteries/cells

38
Q

38 What do we call the kind of energy stored inside atoms?

A

nuclear energy or atomic energy

39
Q

39 When we burn a fuel, how is the energy transferred to the surroundings?

A

by heating

40
Q

40 How is energy transferred to machines such as TVs and computers?

A

by electricity

41
Q

41 Is electricity a fuel?

42
Q

42 Name two fuels that are used by most vehicles on the roads.

A

petrol, diesel

43
Q

43 Name two fuels that we call fossil fuels.

A

any two from coal, oil, natural gas, or oil derivatives such as petrol and diesel

44
Q

44 What are the two products of the complete burning of fossil fuels?

A

carbon dioxide, water

45
Q

45 What effect does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have on the temperature of the Earth?

A

keeps it warm

46
Q

46 What is the name for the idea that the Earth is getting warmer?

A

climate change/global warming

47
Q

47 Name four different non-renewable resources.

A

coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear fuel/uranium

48
Q

48 Name two different uses for natural gas.

A

power stations, heating homes, cooking

49
Q

49 Name the main use for coal.

A

power stations

50
Q

50 How is uranium used?

A

nuclear power stations

51
Q

51 What gas do fossil-fuel power stations emit that nuclear power stations do not?

A

carbon dioxide

52
Q

52 Why is adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere a problem?

A

contributing to climate change

53
Q

53 Why will supplies of fossil fuels eventually run out?

A

we are using them faster than they can be replaced

54
Q

54 Name two forms of renewable energy.

A

two from: solar, wind, waves, tides, bio-fuel

55
Q

55 What is the name for a fuel made from plants or from animal wastes?

Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Physics (8 decks)

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