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edexcel gcse physics > Topic 3 Conservation of Energy > Flashcards

Topic 3 Conservation of Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

1 What is the unit for measuring energy?

A

joule

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2
Q

2 What is the name for energy stored in a hot object?

A

thermal/internal

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3
Q

3 How is energy transferred from hot objects to their surroundings?

A

by heating/convection/conduction/radiation/evaporation

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4
Q

4 Energy stored in petrol in a car is transferred to energy stored in the moving car. What are the names for these two energy stores?

A

chemical, kinetic

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5
Q

5 If 100J of energy is transferred into a machine, how much is transferred out?

A

100J

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6
Q

6 In what way is most wasted energy transferred?

A

by heating

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7
Q

7 When an object is moved to a higher position, what name is given to the energy that it then stores?

A

gravitational potential energy

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8
Q

8 What are the energy transfers when a ball bounces?

A

kinetic, strain/elastic potential, kinetic

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9
Q

9 What are the energy transfers when a moving car slows down?

A

kinetic ? thermal energy stored in the brakes/surroundings, energy transferred by forces

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10
Q

10 Name three different types of object or substance that store energy in chemicals.

A

food, fuel, batteries/cells

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11
Q

11 Name two ways in which a television transfers useful energy to its surroundings.

A

light, sound

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12
Q

12 Name one way in which a television transfers wasted energy to its surroundings.

A

by heating

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13
Q

13 In what way do most machines or processes transfer wasted energy to the surroundings?

A

by heating

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14
Q

14 Name two machines in which energy transferred by heating is useful energy.

A

any two sensible answers, such as cooker or fire

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15
Q

15 When a kettle boils water, the useful energy ends up stored as thermal energy in the hot water. Where does the wasted energy end up?

A

thermal energy in kettle/surroundings

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16
Q

16 When a moving car brakes and comes to a stop, where does all the kinetic energy it was storing eventually end up?

A

thermal energy in the surroundings

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17
Q

17 When a moving car hits a wall, what happens to the kinetic energy it was originally storing?

A

kinetic energy of crash fragments, transferred to surroundings by sound but all ends up as thermal energy in the surroundings

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18
Q

18 What does dissipated mean?

A

spread out

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19
Q

19 Which wastes more energy: a more efficient machine or a less efficient machine?

A

less efficient

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20
Q

20 What happens to the particles in a solid when the solid gets warmer?

A

vibrate more

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21
Q

21 One end of a metal bar is heated. What is the name for the way energy is transferred along the bar?

A

conduction

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22
Q

22 What kind of materials are good thermal conductors?

A

metals

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23
Q

23 Name two materials that are good thermal insulators.

A

any two from wood, plastic, wool, etc.

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24
Q

24 What is the name for the way in which energy is transferred in a fluid

A

Convection

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25
Q

25 What causes a convection current?

A

part of the fluid being hotter than the rest/warm fluid rises

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26
Q

26 Materials that contain trapped air are good insulators. Why does the air need to be trapped?

A

so it cannot transfer energy by convection

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27
Q

27 How does warmth from the Sun reach the Earth?

A

radiation

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28
Q

28 Will a black car or a white car get hotter on a sunny day?

A

black

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29
Q

29 Name one thing a homeowner can do to reduce the money they spend on heating.

A

any from insulate loft, fit double glazing etc.

30
Q

30 What is the unit for measuring energy?

A

joule

31
Q

31 What is the name for energy stored in an object because it is in a high position?

A

gravitational potential energy

32
Q

32 What is the name for energy stored in a moving object?

A

kinetic energy

33
Q

33 How many grams are there in a kilogram?

A

1000

34
Q

34 What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

total energy stays the same, or energy cannot be created or destroyed .

35
Q

35 A ball has 5J of gravitational potential energy before it is dropped. How much kinetic energy is it storing the moment before it hits the floor ? 0J, less than 5J, 5J, more than 5J?

A

5J

36
Q

36 How can you increase the gravitational potential energy stored in a box?

A

move it up, away from the Earth

37
Q

37 Name a store of chemical energy.

A

any from coal, oil, natural gas, food, batteries/cells

38
Q

38 What do we call the kind of energy stored inside atoms?

A

nuclear energy or atomic energy

39
Q

39 When we burn a fuel, how is the energy transferred to the surroundings?

A

by heating

40
Q

40 How is energy transferred to machines such as TVs and computers?

A

by electricity

41
Q

41 Is electricity a fuel?

A

no

42
Q

42 Name two fuels that are used by most vehicles on the roads.

A

petrol, diesel

43
Q

43 Name two fuels that we call fossil fuels.

A

any two from coal, oil, natural gas, or oil derivatives such as petrol and diesel

44
Q

44 What are the two products of the complete burning of fossil fuels?

A

carbon dioxide, water

45
Q

45 What effect does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have on the temperature of the Earth?

A

keeps it warm

46
Q

46 What is the name for the idea that the Earth is getting warmer?

A

climate change/global warming

47
Q

47 Name four different non-renewable resources.

A

coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear fuel/uranium

48
Q

48 Name two different uses for natural gas.

A

power stations, heating homes, cooking

49
Q

49 Name the main use for coal.

A

power stations

50
Q

50 How is uranium used?

A

nuclear power stations

51
Q

51 What gas do fossil-fuel power stations emit that nuclear power stations do not?

A

carbon dioxide

52
Q

52 Why is adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere a problem?

A

contributing to climate change

53
Q

53 Why will supplies of fossil fuels eventually run out?

A

we are using them faster than they can be replaced

54
Q

54 Name two forms of renewable energy.

A

two from: solar, wind, waves, tides, bio-fuel

55
Q

55 What is the name for a fuel made from plants or from animal wastes?

A

bio-fuel

56
Q

56 Describe the energy transfers and stores of a skier going downhill to a stop.

A
  1. GPE is stored in him at the stop of the slope as well as chemical energy.
  2. Falls down the slope, chemical and GPE to KE. Whilst this is happening energy is lost to the surroundings by heat/sound. Dissipates.
  3. Coming to a stop all that energy is transferred back to the chemical store.
57
Q

57 Name all the renewable sources of energy?

There is 5.

A 
Solar 
Bio-fuels 
Hydroelectric power 
Tidal power 
Wind turbines
58
Q

58 Explain solar renewable sources?

A

Solar cells trap sunlight to boil water and turn a turbine generating electricity.

59
Q

59 Explain bio-fuels renewable sources?

A

Bio-fuels are carbon nuetral. when they burn the same amount of carbon dioxide is released that they took when the plants grow.
It is burning plants and animal waste for energy.

60
Q

60 Explain hydroelectric power renewable sources?

A

generated by falling water in places where water can be trapped in high reservoirs.

61
Q

61 Explain tidal power renewable sources?

A

Turbines in a dam for example are turned by the tidal power of the water.

62
Q

62 Explain wind turbines renewable sources?

A

Uses the wind to turn a turbine to generate energy, can’t be too fast or too slow of a wind.

63
Q

63 What does insulation do?

A

It slows down the rate at which energy is transferred out of a house by heating.

64
Q

64 What is effciency in a device?

A

A way of describing how good a machine is at tranferring energy into useful forms.

65
Q

65 What does it mean by energy has been dissipated?

A

It spreads out to the surroundings and cannot be used for other useful energy transfers - it is wasted.

66
Q

66 What is the best insulator?

A

Air.

67
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by heating for Conduction?

A

Happens best in solids – thermal energy is passed from particle to particle

68
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by heating for the Convection?

A

Happens in fluids (liquid or gas) when warm fluid rises and cold fluid sinks making a convection current

69
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by heating for the Radiation?

A

Transfer of thermal energy though infrared radiation – does not need particles to be transferred

70
Q

What does thermal conductivity mean?

A

A measure of how easily thermal energy is transferred by a material.

edexcel gcse physics (10 decks)

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