Topic 3 - Classification and biodiversity

Question 1

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what is classification?

Answer 1

process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics

Question 2

whhat are the five kingdoms

Answer 2

1. animalia
2. plantae
3. fungi
4. monera (prokaryotes)
5. protoctista

Question 3

whats the acronym to remember

Answer 3

King Prawn Curry Or Phat Greasy Sausages

Question 4

what is molecular phylogeny

Answer 4

the analysis of molecular differences in different organisms to determine the extent of their evolutionary relationship

Question 5

what did the discovery of molecular phylogeny do

Answer 5

the data obtained by is gave rise to new taxonomic groupings- all organisms can be seperated into one of 3 domains: bacteria, archea and eukaryota

Question 6

define taxonomy

Answer 6

the science of naming describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants animals and microorganisms of the world.

Question 7

describe the process of molecular phylogeny - gel electrophoresis

Answer 7

1. make wells in agarose jelly
2. put DNA fragments cut with restriction endonuclease enzymes in them
3. dye the DNA with something that flouresces (and moves faster than the DNA
4. turn on a current
5. DNA is negatively charged so it moves towards the anode
6. turn the current off
7. turn the UV light on
8. different bands represent different amino acids and can be compared to known fragments.

Question 8

define biodiversity

Answer 8

the variety of living organisms

Question 9

define species richness

Answer 9

the number of different species in a habitat

Question 10

define genetic diversity

Answer 10

number of alleles in a gene pool

Question 11

define species

Answer 11

members of a population that have similar characteristics and interbreed ti produce viable and fertile offspirng.

Question 12

advantages of the species definition:

Answer 12

• allows scientists to apprach the species determination problem in a much more straightforward way

Question 13

disadvantages of the specied definition:

Answer 13

• it is inapplicable to organisms that reproduce asexually
• there are organisms that freely hybridize in the world but are able to maintain their cohesion as a distinct species.

Question 14

define endemism

Answer 14

the state of a species being unique to a particular geographical location such as an island and not found anywhere else.