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Chemistry > Topic 3 - Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 pH indicators?

A 
Universal Indicator 
Litmus Paper 
Methyl Orange 
Phenolphthalein 
PH Probe
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2
Q

What is an acid?

A

a substance with a pH less than 7 and containing H+ ions

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

a substance that reacts with an acid to form salt and water

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4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A substance with a pH bigger than 7 and containing OH- ions

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5
Q

What does the litmus paper look like when the solution is acidic, alkali and neutral?

A 
Acidic = red 
Neutral = purple 
Alkali = blue
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6
Q

What does methyl orange look when solution is alkali,neutral and acidic ?

A 
Acidic = red 
Neutral = yellow 
Alkali = yellow
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7
Q

What colour does phenolphalein turn to when in acidic and alkali solutions?

A 
Acidic = colourless 
Alkali = pink 
Neutral = colourless
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8
Q

What does the reaction between an acid and a base called? And what is the equation ?

A

Neutralisation.

acid + base = salt + water

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9
Q

Example of a neutralisation equation ?

A

H+ + OH- = H2O

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

all acids can ionise/dissociate in solution.

A

True

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11
Q

What is ionisation/ dissociation ?

A

Splitting up a substance to produce H+ and another ion .

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12
Q

Example of ionisation

A

HNO3 = H+ + NO3-

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13
Q

What is a STRONG ACID?

A

Acid that ionises almost completely in solution. They tend to have a very low pH.

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14
Q

What is a weak acid ? What is their usual pH?

A

Acid that doesn’t fully ionise, their pH is around 2-6.

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15
Q

Example of a strong acid.

A

Hydrochloric

Sulfuric

Nitric

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16
Q

Example of a weak acid.

A

Ethanoic

Citric

Carbonic

17
Q

Name 2 differences between a strong and a weak acid.

A

When weak acid is ionised the process can be reversed, unlike strong acids.

Higher pH with weaker acids

Step ionises almost completely, weak only partially

18
Q

What is the concentration of an acid?

A

Measure of how much acid there is per 1 dm3 of water. Basically how watered down your acid is.

The more acid molecules compared to the volume of solution there is the higher concentration of the acid is present

19
Q

How can the pH be increased ?

A

By decreasing the concentration of H+ using a factor of 10.
To go down by 2pH the concentration needs to decrease by a factor of 100 (10x10)

20
Q

How can the pH can decreased?

A

It can be decreased by increasing the H+ ion concentration by a factor of 10.

21
Q

Salt is a what type of compound ?

A

An ionic compound.

22
Q

What salts do the following acids produce?
Hydrochloric
Sulfuric
Nitric

A 
Hydrochloric = chloride salts 
Sulfuric = sulfate salts 
Nitric = nitrate salts

Chemistry (5 decks)

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