Topic 3: Challenges of an urbanising world.

Question 1

What are mega cities?

Answer 1

They are a large city typically of a population over 10 million

Question 2

How does urban primacy influence the country’s economy

Answer 2

• Investment-businesses often locate there, attracting investment in infrastructure and services.
• Migration- there are a lot of jobs so people move there to work. Highly-skilled workers are attracted by better opportunities
• Transport-international ports and airports are often located there, encouraging further investment and migration

Question 3

What are the political influence urban primacies have?

Answer 3

Governments and the headquarters of large, powerful businesses are often located there. This can mean decisions about development favour the city rather the rest of the country.

Question 4

How has the number of megacities change from 1950-2014?

Answer 4

In 1950 the most influential cities where in developed areas those of which was only Tokyo and New York. However in 2014 the amount of mega cities have increased to 28.

Question 5

Where are most megacities located around the world?

Answer 5

Most of the mega cities around the world are located in Asia

Question 6

What is an urban primacy?

Answer 6

Is when one city dominates the country its in and are usually twice as large in population than the next biggest city

Question 7

What is urbanisation?

Answer 7

Urbanisation is the growth in proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas

Question 8

Which out of developed, emerging and developing had the highest rate if increase in urbanisation from 1980 to 2000?

Answer 8

Emerging countries have had the highest rate of increase with it developing from 20% to 30%.

Question 9

Why is urbanisation happening so quickly in some places (2 factors)

Answer 9

1. people are looking for better paying jobs so come to urban areas and especially in developing countries were the people in rural areas have big families, urbanisation increases rapidly
2. One more reason is due to rural

Question 10

What is rural to urban migration?

Answer 10

When people from rural areas come or migrate to urban areas. The reasons why are explained by the pull factors and push factors

Question 11

Give definitions and examples of push and pull factors?

Answer 11

• Push factors are the reasons why people left rural locations in the countryside, such as poverty and unemployment.
• Pull factors are the reasons why people moved to urban locations in towns and cities such as new technology, greater opportunities, increased wealth etc.

Question 12

Explain the reasons why cities in Developing countries such as Kampala (Uganda) are growing?

Answer 12

Jobs in growing businesses
New opened steelworks owned by a TNC employs 2000 people.

Better services than in rural areas

More opportunities

Question 13

Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as New York and London are
growing?

Answer 13

One reason is natural growth as people who live there would reproduce.

Question 14

Contrast the growth in New York and Kampala – are there different reasons?

Answer 14

New York has a very formal economy. A problem with the economy is that 10% work in manufacturing and not much money is generated

A benefit is people know how much they’ll get paid

Kampala has a more informal economy. Kampalas problem of the economy is a lack of investment in secondary jobs.

A benefit is individual income

Question 15

Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as Detroit is shrinking?

Answer 15

One reason why Detroit as declined is due to their main source of income, selling cars, being lost due to competition.

This meant unemployment in that area so people moved else where

Question 16

Define informal and formal employment

Answer 16

Informal economies are economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers that are not regulated or protected by the government.

Formal economies are economies that pays tax and has legal standards

Question 17

Give an example of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary job

Answer 17

Primary- lumberjack
Secondary-manufacturing
Tertiary- doctors/nurses
Quaternary-researchers

Question 18

How does accessibility affect the land use?

Answer 18

The way it affects land use is by increasing it.

This is because it attracts more businesses as people have an easier way of getting there and possibly buying their products

Question 19

How does availability and cost affect land use?

Answer 19

The way it affects cost is by increasing it as the will be a higher demand for land

Question 20

What is suburbanisation and why did it happen?

Answer 20

When developed cities get too crowded so people move out to the suburbs.

This happens because the area is too crowded and polluted so people who can afford to move out, move out

Question 21

Why does regeneration happen?

Answer 21

To attract people to come live in the city.

Question 22

Contrast urbanisation and counter-urbanisation (consider movement, location, time period- when
it happened, wealth and qualifications of person)

Answer 22

Contrasts are
Urbanisation is the proportion of people in urban areas. This means people are going into the urban areas this happens due to better pay and more opportunities.

Counter urbanisation is people moving out of urban areas to smaller settlements. Rural areas. This happens due to cheaper housing and better quality of life.

Question 23

What is the difference between Commercial, Industrial and Residential land in urban areas?

Answer 23

Commercial land use- office buildings, shopping centres and hotels

Industrial- factories, warehouses

Residential- houses, flats and apartments

Question 24

How did suburbanisation affect where people lived?

Answer 24

It made people live in the outskirts of the city for more natural space

Improved transport links means they can live in suburbs and commute in the city to work

Question 25

Why did counter-urbanisation happen?

Answer 25

It happened because people thought there would be a better qaulity if life the rural areas

Lower house prices

Increased transport mean people can live further and commute

Question 26

Where (CBD/Inner City/Suburbs/RUF) do you find Commerce, Industrial and Residential?

Answer 26

You find it in the RUF

Question 27

How does planning affect land use?

Answer 27

They restrict land use so planners may

Ban polluting industries

Put a designated green belt in the RUF.

Question 28

Explain how the economy changes as a country develops (developing- emerging- developed) to
consider: formal and informal, sectors (P, S, T, Q), working conditions etc

Answer 28

As a country develops from developing to emerging the economy changes

The low skilled tertiary sector, low amount of high skilled tertiary and low amount in the secondary sector changes to high amount in the secondary sector and low skilled tertiary but high skilled tertiary jobs are developing

formal economy increases

And higher pay

Question 29

What is re urbanisation and why does it happen?

Answer 29

It is government’s decision to counter the problem of inner city decline. To get more people working in the cities

Question 30

Compare working conditions between developing countries and developed countries

Answer 30

Developing- poor, low pay, long hours and can be dangerous.

Developed- good, pay is high, workers have many rights snd are protected by law.

Question 31

What is de industrialisation and why does it happen

Answer 31

It is manufacturing moving out of the area.

It happen as the country develops

Question 32

What can de industrialisation lead to.

Answer 32

De population as people leave of industrial areas.

Unemployment increases which means lower loving standards and poverty

Question 33

Describe a characteristic of urban economies of developing countries

Answer 33

Many workers are employed in the informal sector

Lots of people work in low skilled tertiary sector jobs

Question 34

Why are there not many people working in the secondary sector in developing countries

Answer 34

Not enough money to invest in the needed technology

Question 35

Which out of CBD, Suburbs, inner city and RUF has the highest population density

Answer 35

CBD