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Biology > Topic 3: cell structure > Flashcards

Topic 3: cell structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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3
Q

What structure controls the entry and exit of substances in a cell?

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called _______.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What organelle is responsible for energy production?

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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7
Q

Name the process by which cells divide.

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

Provides structure and support

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10
Q

What type of cell contains chlorophyll?

A

Plant cell

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11
Q

Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the nucleus.

A

Nuclear envelope

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13
Q

What is the main component of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids

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14
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris

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15
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis of proteins and lipids

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17
Q

What structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

A

Chloroplast

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19
Q

What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER does not.

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20
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Maintains cell shape and aids in movement

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21
Q

True or False: All cells have a cell wall.

A

False

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22
Q

What is a key feature of stem cells?

A

They can differentiate into various cell types.

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23
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.

A

Organelles

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25
Q

Name the process by which substances move across the cell membrane without energy.

A

Passive transport

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26
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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27
Q

True or False: Active transport requires energy.

A

True

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28
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

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29
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino acids

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30
Q

Which part of the cell is involved in detoxification?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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31
Q

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

A

Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure.

32
Q

True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of lipids.

A

False

33
Q

What is the role of centrioles?

A

Involved in cell division.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?

A

Provides a barrier to protect the cell.

36
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the region of the cell where genetic material is located.

A

Nucleus

38
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts in a cell?

A

Convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

39
Q

True or False: Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm.

A

True

40
Q

What is the primary component of the cell wall in plants?

A

Cellulose

41
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane proteins?

A

Transport molecules and communicate with other cells.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is an organelle that helps in the synthesis of proteins.

A

Ribosome

43
Q

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down fatty acids?

A

Peroxisome

44
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA.

A

Chromosomes

46
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells.

47
Q

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis.

A

False

48
Q

What is the role of the extracellular matrix?

A

Provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

49
Q

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To convert glucose into ATP.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane’s cholesterol?

A

Stabilizes the membrane’s fluidity.

52
Q

True or False: All cells have mitochondria.

A

False

53
Q

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model?

A

Describes the structure of the cell membrane.

54
Q

What is a function of the cytoplasm?

A

Site of many metabolic processes.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are membrane-bound sacs that store substances.

A

Vesicles

56
Q

What is the role of the nucleoplasm?

A

Provides a medium for the organelles in the nucleus.

57
Q

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

A

True

58
Q

What is the importance of the cytoskeleton in cell division?

A

It helps segregate chromosomes.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ provides a barrier that protects the cell from its environment.

A

Cell membrane

60
Q

What is the main function of peroxisomes?

A

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

61
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

62
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.

A

Nucleolus

63
Q

What is the function of the cilia and flagella?

A

Movement of the cell or movement of substances across the cell surface.

64
Q

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

A

True

65
Q

What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts

67
Q

What is the primary function of the cell’s cytosol?

A

It is the liquid component of the cytoplasm where many metabolic reactions occur.

68
Q

What is the role of the nuclear pores?

A

Allow transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network that helps to maintain the shape of the cell.

A

Cytoskeleton

70
Q

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have them.

71
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane’s glycoproteins?

A

Involved in cell recognition and signaling.

72
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are the structures that produce ATP.

A

Mitochondria

73
Q

True or False: The cell wall is present in animal cells.

A

False

74
Q

What is the main role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis of proteins and lipids.

75
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

To produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

76
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

A

Nuclear envelope

Biology (2 decks)

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