Topic 3 - Cell Membrane

Question 1

What could make the rate of diffusion across a membrane massively increase suddenly?

Answer 1

If the temperature gets too hot making the proteins denature and this means they change shape making it easier for substances to move across the membrane

Question 2

Are proteins in the phospholipid bilayer globular or fibrous?

Answer 2

Globular

Question 3

Why are the 5 ways of transportation across the cell membrane?

Answer 3

1. ) diffusion
2. ) facilitated diffusion
3. ) osmosis
4. ) active transport
5. ) bulk transport

Question 4

Which method or methods of transport across the cell membrane uses ATP?

Answer 4

1. ) Active transport

2. ) bulk transport

Question 5

Which method or methods of transport use kinetic energy?

Answer 5

1. ) diffusion
2. ) facilitated diffusion
3. ) osmosis

Question 6

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 6

Movement of liquid into and out of the cell

Question 7

What is exocytosis?

Answer 7

The movement of materials outside of the cell

Question 8

What is endocytosis?

Answer 8

The movement of materials into the cell

Question 9

What is the name given to a phagocyte which engulfs debris of damaged or dying cells?

Answer 9

Macrophage

Question 10

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 10

Movement of solids into and out of the cell

Question 11

Which method of transport across the cell membrane goes against a concentration gradient?

Answer 11

Active transport

Question 12

How do the polysaccharide chains, attached to proteins or a phospholipid, stabilise a cell?

Answer 12

They form hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water making it stronger

Question 13

What is the name given to a carbohydrate chain attached to a phospholipid?

Answer 13

Glycolipid

Question 14

What is the name given to a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein?

Answer 14

Glycoprotein

Question 15

True or false,

Carrier and channel proteins are not specific to the molecule it’s helping transport?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Which two methods of transport across the cell membrane use carrier and channel proteins?

Answer 16

1. ) facilitated diffusion

2. ) active transport

Question 17

What factors will affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 17

1. ) surface area of the cell
2. ) distance of the cell membrane (thickness)
3. ) concentration gradient (if it’s steep them diffusion will be quicker- rushed)
4. ) the amount of solutes in a cell (water are attracted to solutes)
5. ) temperature- higher = more kinetic energy

Question 18

What can the polysaccharide chain be used for?

Answer 18

Acting as a receptor
Cell signalling
Stabilising the membrane structure by making hydrogen bonds with the water

Question 19

What makes fluidity in a cell membrane?

Answer 19

Cholesterol