Topic 3- Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding??

Answer 1

-Non-metal and metal bonding
- Has an electromagnetic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- Example of ionic bonding is sodium chloride.
-Giant ionic lattice.
High melting point
-Strong attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Electricity
-Electricity is conducted when in molten/ in solution due to ions being free to move around, charge carriers.

Question 2

What is a macromolecular covalent bond??

Answer 2

-Between non metals.
-The bond is a shared pair of electrons (single).
-Example: Diamond, Silicon, Graphite.
Diamond
C bonded to 4.
Properties
Has strong covalent bonds
-High melting point- lots of strong covalent bonds therefore a lot of energy needed to break the bonds.
** Graphite**
C bonded to 3 others,
Properties
-High Melting, Inbetween the bonds there are strong covalent bonds, takes alot of energy to break.
-Slippery, Has layers weak intermolecular forces between the layers- can slide.
-Conducts electricity, this is due to the electrons from the 4th carbon.

Question 3

What is a molecular covalent bond?

Answer 3

Between non metals.
Example: I2
Has strong covalent bonds between the molecules and has weak van der waals between the atoms.
Low boiling point
-Due to the weak van der waals it requires little energy to break the bonds.

Question 4

State and explain what metallic bonding is?

Answer 4

-It’s between two metals.
It’s the attraction between a negative delocalised electron and a positive ion.
Example: Mg
High melting point
- This is due to the strong attraction between negative delocalised electrons and positive ions. Requires a lot of energy to break the bonds.
Electric conductors
As the delocalised electrons are moving around creates a charge/ current and therefore electricity.
Malleable
-Layers of ions can slide.

Question 5

What is the shape of molecule with 2 coordinate pairs, and a bonding angle of 180 degrees.

Answer 5

Linear!

Question 6

What is the shape of molecule, with 3 coordinate bond with a bonding angle of 120 degrees..

Answer 6

Trigonal Planar

Question 7

What is the shape of molecule with 4 coordinate bonds with a bonding angle of 109.5?

Answer 7

Tetrahedral

Question 8

What is the shape of molecule with a coordinate bond of. 5 and bonding angles of 90 and 120 degrees

Answer 8

Trigonal Bipyramid

Question 9

What is the shape of Molecule with a coordinate bond of 6 and a bonding angle of 90 degrees

Answer 9

Octahedral

Question 10

What is the shape of molecule with a coordinate bond of 2 and an electron pair of 2 with a bonding angle of 104.5 degrees

Answer 10

Bent linear or V shaped

Question 11

What is the shape of the molecule with an electron pair and 3 coordinate bonds?

Answer 11

Trigonal pyramid

Question 12

How much does the lone pair of electrons take off of the overall bonding angle

Answer 12

-2.5 per lone pair

Question 13

How do you work out how many bonding pairs and lone pairs there are in a molecule?

Answer 13

1. Look at the central atoms outer shell/ how many electrons they have in their outer shell.
2. Look at the bonding molecules electrons
3. Add/ remove electrons for ions
4. Divide by 2
5. Look at the molecule

Question 14

What is the order of the strength of the forces

Answer 14

H- bonding ( strongest)
Dipole dipole
Van der waals (weakest)