topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

a change of state requires

A

energy

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2
Q

when a substance is melting or boiling, what increases

A

the internal energy, but the energy is used for breaking intermolecular bonds rather than raising the temperature

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3
Q

when a substance is freezing or condensing, what is formed

A

bonds are formed between particles, which releases energy

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4
Q

what is latent heat

A

the amount of energy needed to to change 1kg of it from one state to another without changing temperature

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5
Q

for cooling, what is latent heat

A

the energy released by a change in state

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6
Q

what is the specific latent heat called when changing between a solid and a liquid

A

specific latent heat of FUSION

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7
Q

what is the specific latent heat called when changing between a liquid and a gas

A

specific latent heat of VAPORISATION

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8
Q

a solid all the way to a gas is called

A

sublimating

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9
Q

liquid to a solid is called

A

freezing

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10
Q

solid to a liquid is called

A

melting

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11
Q

liquid to a gas is called

A

boiling

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12
Q

gas to a liquid is called

A

condensing

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13
Q

describe solids (3)

A
  • strong forces of attraction hold particles together
  • in a fixed, regular arrangement
  • particles don’t have much energy so only VIBRATE about their fixed positions
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14
Q

describe liquids (4)

A
  • there are weaker forces of attraction between particles
  • particles are close together, but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements
  • have more energy than particles in a solid
  • move in random directions at low speeds
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15
Q

describe gases (3)

A
  • there are almost no forces of attraction between particles
  • particles have more energy than in liquids or solids- they’re free to move
  • constantly moving in random directions at speeds
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16
Q

when gas particles collide with something what happens

A

they exert a force on it

17
Q

what is pressure

A

the force exerted per unit area

18
Q

colliding gas particles creates ….

19
Q

if you increase the temperature of a gas, what happens

A

you transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of its particles

20
Q

so increasing the temp of a gas, what else increases

A

the average speed of its particles

21
Q

what does the density of an object depend on

A

what its made of and how the particles are arranged

22
Q

in a dense material how are the particles arranged

A

the particles are packed tightly together

23
Q

in a less dense material how are particles arranged

A

the particles are more spread out

24
Q

in a less dense material, compressing the particles has what effect on the particles

A

the particles would move closer together and it would become more dense

25
in terms of density, solids are more dense than...
liquids
26
in terms of density, gases are less dense than...
liquids
27
what is density
the measure of the compactness of a substance-it relates to the mass of a substance and how much space it takes up
28
what type of change is a change of state called
physical
29
what is a physical change
when you end up with the same substance but in a different form
30
in a change of state what happens to the mass
it is conserved