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CE337 > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The fatality rate for excavation work is ___ higher than the rate for geenral construction.

A

112%

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2
Q

OSHA reports ___ trench deaths in 2022 - more than double 2021 toll

A

39

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3
Q

is any man-made cut, cavity or depression in an earth surface that is formed by earth removal

A

Excavation

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4
Q

is a narrow excavation where the depth of a trench is greater than its width and the width measured at the bottom is not greater that 15 ft

A

Trench Excavation

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5
Q

Hazards of Excavation Works

A

Soil Collapse
Falling Objects
Underground Utilities
Working Surfaces
Confined Space Conditions

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6
Q

Types of Soil Collapse

A

Sliding
Bulge
Toppling
Boiling
Heave

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7
Q

Principal Causes of Soil Collapse

A

Steep Cutting Angle
Super Imposed Load
Shock and Vibration
Water Pressure
Drying

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8
Q

is a mixture of rock, water, air, and a variety of other substances

A

Soil

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9
Q

Soil Types

A

Stable Rock
Type A
Type B
Type C

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10
Q

Natural solid mineral matters

A

Stable Rock

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11
Q

Cohesive soil with unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater

A

Type A

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12
Q

Cohesive soil with strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5 tsf

A

Type B

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13
Q

Cohesive soil strength 0.5 tsf or less

A

Type C

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14
Q

pose the greatest risk to workers’ lives

A

Trench collapses, or cave-ins

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15
Q

Trenches 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep or greater require a ______ unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock

A

protective system

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16
Q

Trenches 20 feet (6.1 meters) deep or greater require that the protective system be designed by a _________ or be based on tabulated data prepared and/or approved by a _________ in accordance with 1926.652(B) and (C)

A

registered professional engineer

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17
Q

is an individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to workers

A

competent person

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18
Q

Keep heavy equipment away from ______

A

trench edges

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19
Q

keep excavated soil (spoils) and other materials at least ______ from trench edges

A

2 feet (0.6 meters)

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20
Q

know where underground utilities are located before ___

A

digging

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21
Q

test for atmospheric hazards such as low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases when ___deep

A

> 4 feet

22
Q

inspect trenches following a ___ or other water intrusion

A

rainstorm

23
Q

do not work under ___ or raised loads and materials

A

suspended

24
Q

ensure that personnel wear ______ or other suitable clothing when exposed to vehicular traffic

A

high visibility

25
Q

Types of Protective Systems

A

Benching
Sloping
Shoring
Shielding

26
Q

means a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels

A

Benching

27
Q

involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from the excavation

A

Sloping

28
Q

requires installing aluminum hydraulic or other types of supports to prevent soil movement and cave-ins

A

Shoring

29
Q

protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins

A

Shielding

30
Q

means loosening and taking out materials leaving space above or below ground

A

Excavation

31
Q

Advantages of using the Mechanical Plant in Excavation

A

Work Done Quicker
Avoid the Dangerous Condition of Work by Human Workers
Achieve Greater Depth
Use Fewer Manpower and Work Done at Lower Cost

32
Q

are constructed in order to prevent erosion and sedimentation, and in some cases as a means to provide for a safe working environment during excavation by controlling surface runoff

A

Berms

33
Q

___ posted to prevent the public from going near the excavation

A

Signs

34
Q

Walkways or bridges has minimum clear width of ___

A

20 in

35
Q

Walkways or bridges has an extended a minimum of ___ past the surface edges

A

24 in

36
Q

Excavation shall be kept free of ___ at all times

A

water

37
Q

In muddy areas, workers should be provided with ___ to reduce the hazard of slipping

A

boots

38
Q

Determine location of underground ____ and take necessary steps to prevent damage

A

facilities

39
Q

2 Major Methods for Controlling Ground Water

A

Pumping Technique
Exclusion Technique

40
Q

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

A

less than 19.5% oxygen

41
Q

___ from decayed matter

A

methane

42
Q

Shoring or timbering in excavation over ___ deep shall be designed by a structural engineer and approved by the proper authority

A

6.6 m

43
Q

No excavation in an ___ building or structure shall be undertaken unless steps are taken to prevent danger to worker

A

adjacent

44
Q

Before shoring or timbering, the walls of an excavation shall be stripped of ______ or other materials that might slide or fall on workers

A

loose rocks

45
Q

Keep excavated material from the edge of the excavation to provide a clear berm not less than the _________

A

third of the depth of excavation

46
Q

Tools, materials, and machinery keep at least ___ away from the edge of the excavation

A

1m

47
Q

The top of the walls of an excavation more than ____ deep shall be barricaded to a height of at least ___

A

2m, 1m

48
Q

Every excavation shall have at least one ___ in every ___ of length which shall extend at 0.83 above the top

A

ladder, 16.6 m

49
Q

Every part of an excavation over 2m deep where workers work shall be inspected by the person in charge at least ___ everyday

A

once

50
Q

use of ______ or other means to free the area of such contaminants

A

exhaust ventilation

CE337 (3 decks)

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